早发冠心病影响因素的研究进展OA

Coronary heart disease(CHD)is traditionally considered a disease of the elderly;however,a sig-nificant trend toward a younger age of onset has been observed in recent years.Premature coronary heart dis-ease(PCHD)is defined as CHD occurring in men aged<55 years and women aged<65 years.Given that the etiology in some patients with PCHD cannot be fully explained by traditional risk factors,an in-depth ex-ploration of its multi-factorial interaction mechanisms and novel biomarkers is urgently required.This article systematically reviews the multi-dimensional risk factors for PCHD,including genetic,inflammatory,metabol-ic,environmental and behavioral aspects,as well as their interactions.It also summarizes research progress in emerging fields,such as gut microbiota and non-coding RNA,along with novel biomarkers.Furthermore,this review outlines advances in PCHD-related risk prediction models,analyzes the limitations of existing models,and discusses future directions for improvement,specifically regarding the integration of multi-dimensional da-ta and the utilization of machine learning algorithms to construct precise prediction models.Finally,based on a comprehensive analysis of the aforementioned multi-factorial interactions,this review highlights the limita-tions of current research and provides an outlook on future research directions,aiming to offer novel insights for the early prevention and treatment of PCHD and to improve cardiovascular health outcomes in younger populations.