肝缺血再灌注损伤可视化荧光探针的研究进展OA

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(HIRI)is a severe complication in surgeries,such as hepatectomy and liver transplantation,and involves a complex cascade of ischemia-induced energy failure,oxidative stress,calcium overload,and cell death upon reperfusion.Conventional diagnostic approaches,including serologic assays and imaging techniques,are limited by low sensitivity,poor spatiotemporal resolution,and invasiveness,thereby restricting early and in situ detection of critical biomarkers.Fluorescent probe technology has emerged as a powerful tool for studying HIRI owing to its high sensitivity,spatiotemporal resolution,and real-time imaging capabilities.This review first outlined the pathological progression of HIRI and the key biomarkers implicated in this process,including reactive oxygen species(ROS),microenvironmental parameters(e.g.,viscosity),energy metabolites(e.g.,ATP and mitochondrial DNA),and gas signaling molecules(e.g.,H2S).Subsequently,we systematically summarized recent advances in the design and application of fluorescent probes that target these biomarkers.These probes were categorized and discussed based on their detection targets and design strategies,including probes for ROS,energy metabolism,microenvironmental parameters,gas signaling molecules,and near-infrared and multi-responsive probes,with a focus on their design principles,response mechanisms,imaging performance,and representative applications.Finally,we addressed the current challenges in reversible detection,multi-analyte imaging,and clinical translation while highlighting future applications of fluorescent probes in the early diagnosis,mechanistic research,drug evaluation,and surgical guidance of HIRI.