共价有机笼在药物递送、生物成像和生物传感中的研究进展OA

Covalent organic cages(COCs)are a class of discrete cage-like functional materials constructed from small organic molecules via covalent bonding and feature tunable cavity sizes,well-defined structures,high chemical stability,and excellent solution processability.In recent years,COCs have demonstrated enormous application potential in the biomedical field,achieving remarkable progress in three key areas in particular:Drug delivery,bioimaging,and biosensing.For drug delivery,COCs that achieve the highly selective encapsulation of various drugs,such as aromatic and hydrophobic agents,have been developed through precise structural design and functional modification.Combined with stimulus-responsive mechanisms,including pH,redox,and enzyme responsiveness,these COCs enable targeted and controlled drug release,significantly enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing side effects.For bioimaging,COCs can be engineered into single-modal and multimodal imaging probes(e.g.,fluorescence,magnetic resonance,and PET)that exhibit high sensitivity,low bioaccumulation risk,and favorable biocompatibility by incorporating fluorescent modules,chelating paramagnetic metal ions,or loading radionuclides.Further,owing to their precisely defined molecular cavities and controllable surface chemistry,COCs can realize the highly specific recognition and signal transduction of ATP,reactive oxygen species,metal ions,and biomarkers,thereby exhibiting outstanding performance in biosensing.This review systematically summarized the structural design,synthetic strategies,and biological functionalization methods of COCs,focusing on their mechanisms of action and representative applications in the above three areas.It also analyzed the key challenges faced by COCs in terms of their biological stability,in vivo metabolism,and large-scale production.Finally,the future development directions of COCs in precision medicine,early disease screening,and other fields were discussed,providing references for related research.