兼治烟草黑胫病和青枯病的复配药剂筛选OA
Screening of Compound Fungicides for Simultaneous Control of Tobacco Black Shank and Bacterial wilt
[目的]烟草疫霉引起的黑胫病及青枯雷尔氏菌(以下简称青枯菌)引起的青枯病是烟草上的重要土传病害,存在混合发生的情况.筛选能高效抑制烟草疫霉及青枯菌的药剂组合,可为研制兼防 2 种病害的复配药剂提供应用基础.[方法]分别采用最低抑制浓度法、菌丝生长速率法和比浊法测定四霉素等 9 种供试药剂对烟草疫霉和青枯菌的离体抑制活性,筛选活性较强且具有协同增效作用的复配组合,并通过盆栽试验验证其对烟草黑胫病和青枯病的防治效果.[结果]在供试药剂中,四霉素、中生菌素、乙蒜素及甲霜•噁霉灵(甲霜灵与噁霉灵有效成分质量比为 1∶5)对烟草疫霉和青枯菌的离体抑制作用较强,对烟草疫霉的EC50 分别为 0.2567、46.7807、37.1316 和 4.2416 µg/mL,对青枯菌的EC50 分别为 0.0293、2.8050、0.7321 和 34.6220 µg/mL.进一步将四霉素和乙蒜素分别与甲霜•噁霉灵复配,结果表明,四霉素和甲霜•噁霉灵以有效成分质量比 1∶20 复配、乙蒜素和甲霜•噁霉灵以有效成分质量比 5∶2 复配时,对烟草疫霉的抑制作用较好,抑制率分别为 71.33%和 59.89%,且毒性比率分别为 1.42 和 1.25,表现为协同增效作用.以此复配比例开展的盆栽试验显示,四霉素+甲霜•噁霉灵和乙蒜素+甲霜•噁霉灵 2 组复配剂对烟草黑胫病的防治效果分别达 74.28%和 89.96%以上,显著高于四霉素和乙蒜素单剂防治效果(分别为 40.79%和 38.69%);2 组复配剂对烟草青枯病的防治效果分别达到 52.52%和 78.72%以上,显著高于四霉素和甲霜•噁霉灵防治效果(分别为 34.46%和 20.26%).[结论]四霉素和乙蒜素分别与甲霜•噁霉灵以有效成分质量比 1∶20、5∶2 复配后,对烟草疫霉抑制有明显的增效作用,对烟草黑胫病和青枯病均表现出较好的盆栽防治效果,可作为兼治烟草多种土传病害的化学药剂备选组合.
[Objective]Tobacco black shank caused by Phytophthora nicotianae and bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum are important soil-borne diseases in tobacco,sometimes occurring in combination.Screening for efficient fungicide combinations that inhibit both P.nicotianae and R.solanacearum can provide an applied basis for developing compound formulations to simultaneously control both diseases.[Method]The minimum inhibitory concentration method,mycelial growth rate method,and turbidimetric method were used to determine the in vitro inhibitory activity of nine tested fungicides,including tetramycin against P.nicotianae and R.solanacearum.Compound combinations with strong activity and synergistic effects were screened,and their control efficacy against tobacco black shank and bacterial wilt was further verified through pot experiments.[Result]Among the tested fungicides,tetramycin,zhongshengmycin,ethylicin,and metalaxyl·hymexazol(active ingredient mass ratio of metalaxyl to hymexazol fixed at 1∶5)showed strong in vitro inhibitory effects against both P.nicotianae and R.solanacearum.Their EC50 values against P.nicotianae were 0.2567,46.7807,37.1316,and 4.2416 µg/mL,and against R.solanacearum were 0.0293,2.8050,0.7321,and 34.6220 µg/mL,respectively.Further,tetramycin and ethylicin were compounded with metalaxyl·hymexazol,respectively.The results showed that the mixtures of tetramycin with metalaxyl·hymexazol(active ingredient mass ratio of 1∶20)and ethylicin with metalaxyl·hymexazol(active ingredient mass ratio of 5∶2)exhibited good inhibitory effects on P.nicotianae,with inhibition rates of 71.33%and 59.89%,and toxicity ratios of 1.42 and 1.25,respectively,demonstrating synergistic effects.Pot experiments using these combination ratios showed that the control efficacy of the tetramycin+metalaxyl·hymexazol and ethylicin+metalaxyl·hymexazol compound formulations against tobacco black shank reached over 74.28%and 89.96%,respectively,significantly higher than those of tetramycin and ethylicin alone(40.79%and 38.69%,respectively).Their control efficacy against tobacco bacterial wilt reached over 52.52%and 78.72%,respectively,significantly higher than those of tetramycin and metalaxyl·hymexazol(34.46%and 20.26%,respectively).[Conclusion]After being combined with metalaxyl·hymexazol at active ingredient mass ratios of 1∶20 and 5∶2,respectively,tetramycin and ethylicin demonstrated a significant synergistic effect on the inhibition of P.nicotianae and exhibited good control efficacy against tobacco black shank and bacterial wilt in pot experiments.They can be considered as potential chemical combinations for control of multiple soil-borne diseases in tobacco.
陶博;卓严航;卢燕回;张得平;何和良;袁高庆
广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530004||盐津县水务局,云南 昭通 657500广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530004中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司,广西 南宁 530022中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司,广西 南宁 530022广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530004广西大学农学院,广西 南宁 530004
农业科技
烟草黑胫病烟草青枯病四霉素乙蒜素甲霜•噁霉灵复配剂增效作用
tobacco black shanktobacco bacterial wilttetramycinethylicinmetalaxyl•hymexazolcompound formulationsynergistic effect
《广东农业科学》 2026 (1)
48-57,10
中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司科技计划项目(202045000020084)
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