欧盟绿色能源政策的演进逻辑:动因、特点与前景OACHSSCD

Energy has long constituted a crucial component of national security and international rivalry.In recent years,major powers have been actively formulating relevant industrial and trade policies to secure their advantageous positions in energy competitions.Within the current landscape,the European Union plays a distinctive role.On one hand,it has long been a frontrunner in energy and environmental performance,granting it a first-mover advantage in shaping rules and standards.On the other hand,due to insufficient energy foundations,the EU finds itself under severe challenges in great-power energy competition.Driven by three factors-compensating for deficiencies in energy foundations,serving its foreign and security strategies,and shaping market and institutional advantages.At present,the EU emphasizes security and strategic autonomy in energy industry competition and seeks to enhance the synergies of green development goal through multiple categories of measures.However,constrained by disagreements among member states over the energy transition,challenges in policy implementation and enforcement,and the rightward shift of European politics,the practice of EU's energy policy increasingly exhibits a characteristic of being"green yet not powerful."Against the backdrop of Donald Trump's return to power,the U.S.government is further undermining the multilateral framework of global climate governance,and has undertaken a systemic adjustment of its own energy security strategy.This will damage the previously established transatlantic energy cooperation between the U.S.and Europe,while rising internal governance tensions within the EU are limiting its momentum for further green development,posing ongoing challenges to its participation in global energy competition.