在迷失与重建之间:美国民主党的政党功能困境与回应OACHSSCD

The 2024 U.S.presidential election exposed systemic dysfunctions within the Democratic Party across key party functions,including the selection of political elites,policy formulation,interest aggregation,and political mobilization.These dysfunctions are not isolated anomalies but rather a concentrated manifestation of the structural evolution of U.S.party politics in recent years.As the logic of identity politics has been continuously reinforced within intra-party nomination mechanisms and voter mobilization strategies,the Democratic Party's process of elite renewal has become increasingly constrained by narrow identity-based considerations.While this tendency may help consolidate specific constituencies in the short term,it undermines the party's capacity to respond effectively to a reconfigured electorate and to broader socioeconomic transformations.At the same time,the Democratic Party has grown more reliant during electoral campaigns on the symbolic invocation of identity and discursive discipline,while comparatively neglecting cross-class interest aggregation.This shift has led to a gradual loosening of its traditional support coalition.In the aftermath of electoral defeat,the party has attempted to pursue adjustments in organizational structure,representational base,and discursive frameworks.However,due to path dependence and factional divisions,these efforts have struggled to coalesce into institutionalized integration.The salience of the Democratic Party's functional dilemmas not only reflects the party's own governance challenges but also mirrors the broader predicament of the U.S.party system amid intensifying political polarization.As social fragmentation and partisan competition deepen,American political parties are increasingly deviating from their proper institutional functional trajectories.This trend is undoubtedly eroding the foundations of representative democracy and constitutes a significant latent risk underlying the contemporary crisis of U.S.politics.