中药及其活性成分对动物免疫功能的调节作用及机制研究进展OA

The immune system serves as a critical defense mechanism that identifies and eliminates various exogenous pathogenic microorganisms,playing a vital role in maintaining internal homeostasis in animals.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has demonstrated remarkable advantages in modulating immune function through its unique characteristics,including low toxicity and side effects,absence of chemical resi-dues,complex and diverse components,mild yet sustained therapeutic efficacy,and broad-spectrum action targets.These properties collectively promote the regulation and balance of immune functions.Modern pharmacological research has demonstrated that TCM can modulate immune responses through multiple pathways,with mechanisms encompassing stimulation of immune cell activation and proliferation,enhance-ment of cytokine synthesis,promotion of complement activity,and regulation of antibody levels.The syner-gistic effects of these mechanisms contribute to strengthening immunity and resisting pathogenic inva-sions.Notably,certain TCM formulations exhibit immunosuppressive properties,which may be beneficial in specific contexts,such as managing autoimmune diseases through immune response regulation.This re-view systematically elaborates on recent research advancements regarding specific TCM formulations and their active constituents in animal immune function modulation,analyzing their mechanisms of action.The objective is to facilitate deeper exploration of animal immunomodulation and provide scientific foundations for TCM-related research in veterinary immunology.