锂离子电池隔膜失效分析和改进策略OA

With the rapid growth of energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronic devices,the safety of lithium-ion batteries has become a critical concern.As the core functional layer between the cathode and anode,the separator directly determines the lifespan,safety boundary,and reliability of the battery.Although polyolefin-based separators remain dominant due to mature pro-cessing and cost advantages,their limitations in thermal stability,mechanical strength,wettability,and chemical compatibility hinder their application under high-energy-density and complex working conditions.The main types and performance requirements of separators were reviewed,and their failure mechanisms were categorized into five modes:thermal failure,mechanical failure,electro-chemical failure,functional degradation,and multi-physics coupling.In terms of analysis,a multidi-mensional characterization framework-covering morphology,thermal,mechanical,electrochemical,and compositional aspects was proposed,and experimental cases were used to reveal the intrinsic cor-relation between separator degradation and battery safety attenuation.To mitigate failure risks,modification strategies such as ceramic coating,nanofiber reinforcement,functional interfacial lay-ers,and flame-retardant additives were highlighted.It is further emphasized that separator research is evolving from single modifications toward multifunctional synergistic optimization,requiring thin,mechanically robust,thermally stable separators with additional properties such as flame retardancy,self-healing,and intelligent sensing.Finally,perspectives on multi-physics modeling,advanced in-situ characterization,and intelligent separator development are presented to provide guidance for next-generation high-safety,high-performance batteries.