"六位一体"模式对宁夏盐碱地土壤水盐动态、质量等级及青贮玉米产能的影响OA
Effects of a'six-aspect integrated'pattern on dynamic changes in soil water and salt contents,quality of cultivated land,and silage maize productivity in saline-alkali land in the Ningxia irrigation area
针对单项技术对宁夏引黄灌区盐碱地治理效果不显著、饲草产能不高的问题,本研究采用"改土适种"与"以种适地"相结合的方针,从"改良剂、施肥、种子、耕作、灌水、排水/盐"战略技术要点出发,构建"六位一体"盐碱地综合治理新模式,以常规模式为对照,研究该模式对盐碱地土壤水盐动态变化、质量等级及青贮玉米产能的影响.结果表明,相比常规模式,"六位一体"模式连续实施2年后0～15 cm土层体积含水率可减少3.05%,15～30 cm土层体积含水率提高3.01%,0～30 cm土层全盐含量降低30.42%,但地下水矿化度增加12.36%.同时,2024年,"六位一体"模式相比常规模式土壤容重显著降低了6.34%,土壤有机质与有效磷含量分别显著增加12.41%和70.33%,耕地质量也提高0.56个等级.此外,相比常规模式,"六位一体"模式下青贮玉米株高、干物质质量及淀粉含量分别显著提高了5.67%、21.93%、3.46%,中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维的降幅分别为5.73%、11.03%,2023与2024年产量增幅分别为12.52%、25.28%,2024年净收益增加2279.4元·hm-2,产投比也提高了13.04%.由此可见,"六位一体"模式在土壤盐分抑制、质量等级增加及作物产能提升方面效果显著,可在实际生产中逐步开展示范推广.
Single technologies have limited effectiveness in remediating saline-alkali soil and improving the low forage productivity in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation District.To address this issue,we explored the effectiveness of a combined strategy of'soil improvement for crop adaptation'and'crop adaptation to soil conditions'.Focusing on six strategic technical aspects(i.e.,soil amendments,fertilization,seed selection,tillage practices,irrigation,and drainage/salt management),we established a novel'six-aspect integrated'comprehensive saline-alkali soil remediation pattern.This pattern was compared with conventional practices to evaluate its effects on soil water-salt dynamics,the soil quality grade,and silage maize(Zea mays)productivity.The results show that,after 2 consecutive years of implementation,the'six-aspect integrated'pattern achieved the following advantages compared with conventional practices.The volumetric water content in the 0-15 cm soil layer was decreased by 3.05%while that in the 15-30 cm layer was increased by 3.01%.The total salt content in the 0-30 cm soil layer was decreased by 30.42%,although there was a 12.36%increase in groundwater mineralization.The soil bulk density was significantly decreased by 6.34%,soil organic matter was increased by 12.41%,and available phosphorus was increased by 70.33%,elevating soil quality by 0.56 grades in 2024.The combined treatment also enhanced silage maize performance:plant height was increased by 5.67%,dry matter yield was increased by 21.93%,and starch content was increased by 3.46%,alongside reductions in neutral detergent fiber by 5.73%and acid detergent fiber by 11.03%.The annual yields were increased by 12.52%in 2023 and 25.28%in 2024,with a net profit increase of 2279.4 Yuan·ha-1 and improvement in the cost-benefit ratio by 13.04%in 2024.These findings demonstrate that the'six-aspect integrated'pattern significantly suppresses soil salinity,improves soil quality,and enhances crop productivity,making it a promising approach for practical use on a large scale in agricultural production.
李磊;马勇宽;蒋鹏;朱志明;纪立东;李龙;许兴
宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021||宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏 银川 750002宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏 银川 750002宁夏回族自治区农业技术推广总站,宁夏 银川 750001宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏 银川 750002宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅农村经营管理站,宁夏 银川 750000宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
盐碱地"六位一体"模式水盐动态耕地质量等级青贮玉米产能
saline-alkali land'six-aspect integrated'patternwater-salt dynamicscultivated land quality gradessilage maizeproduction capacity
《草业学报》 2026 (3)
68-82,15
国家重点研发计划项目"黄河上游河套平原节水控盐产能提升技术模式与应用(2021YFD19006)"专题"宁夏平罗插花盐渍地改稻种旱节水控盐产能提升模式示范(2021YFD1900605-02)"和宁夏回族自治区农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-11-07)资助.
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