马铃薯—甘蓝—萝卜一年三熟高效栽培技术及其效益分析OA

This paper summarized the high efficiency open-field cultivation techniques for the three crops a year system of potatoes,cabbages and radishes in the western Shandong area,and analyzed the economic benefits of this system.The crop arrangement is as follows:potatoes are sown from late February to early March and harvested in mid-to-late June;cabbage is transplanted in early July and harvested in late August;radish is sown in late August and harvested from late October to early November.The key cultivation techniques for potatoes include selecting early-maturing,stress-tolerant and high quality varieties such as Favorita,cutting seed potatoes into pieces with 1-2 buds each,dressing seeds with 20 mL of 60％imidacloprid and 50 g of 50％propineb,accelerating germination at 20℃and 75％-90％relative humidity,applying 30 000 kg/hm2 of decomposed organic fertilizer followed by deep ploughing and double-row planting,carrying out proper earthing-up and precise water and fertilizer management,and applying 45-75 kg/hm2 of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with irrigation after seedling emergence.Late blight,aphids and other pests are controlled with 25％azoxystrobin SC 1 200-fold dilution and 5％acetamiprid EC 1 500-fold dilution.For cabbage cultivation,heat-tolerant and disease-resistant varieties such as Aoqina are adopted;seedlings are raised in special substrate and germinated in a germination chamber after sowing.Previous crop residues are removed before transplanting,and transplanting is conducted on sunny or cloudy days.Topdressing is applied at proper stages:75 kg/hm2 of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer after seedling recovery.Soft rot,third-instar larvae of Plutella xylostella and other pests are controlled with 50％asomate AS 800-fold dilution and 5％chlorfluazuron EC 1 500-fold dilution.For radish cultivation,disease-resistant mid-early-maturing varieties such as Jieruqiu 158 are selected.A total of 15 000 kg/hm2 of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied,and high-ridge cultivation and mechanical sowing are adopted.Soil moisture is maintained at alternating dry and wet conditions,and 75 kg/hm2 of balanced water-soluble fertilizer is topdressed at the 6-8-leaf seedling stage.Downy mildew,aphids and other diseases and pests were controlled using 500-fold dilutions of 66.5％propamocarb hydrochloride AS and 1 500-fold dilutions of imidacloprid WP.The potato-cabbage-radish cropping system improves land use efficiency and economic benefits.This paper provides a reference for efficient vegetable production in similar regions.