沼液全量替代氮肥分次施用提升稻田土壤磷有效性和解磷微生物群落的复杂性OA
Split application of biogas slurry fully substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizer improves periodical soil phosphorus availability and the complexity of phosphate-solubilizing microbial communities in paddy fields
[目的]研究不同沼液施用模式对土壤磷素有效性和水稻产量的影响,并从磷素阶段性供应特征和土壤微生物学特征角度探讨沼液有益效应的作用机理.[方法]试验在杭嘉湖平原进行,设置 5 个处理:不施肥空白对照(CK)、常规化肥(CF)、全量沼液(4.40×105 L/hm2)一次性施用(BS)、全量沼液分次施用(BD)和沼液减量(3.52×105 L/hm2)分次施用(BL).通过化学分析和高通量测序技术,测定水稻分蘖期和成熟期土壤理化性质、磷组分、磷酸酶活性、phoC和phoD功能菌丰度和群落结构,以及水稻生物量和磷含量.[结果]与CF相比,BS处理分蘖期土壤Olsen-P含量显著降低了 15.17%,有机磷含量提高了 29.58%,显著增加了秸秆产量,但对水稻籽粒产量和植株磷含量无显著影响.与BS处理相比,BD处理显著提高了分蘖期土壤磷组分中水溶性磷和铝结合态磷含量,降低了成熟期土壤有机磷含量.Alpha多样性和共现网络分析均表明,与CF相比,BD处理有助于增强土壤解磷微生物群落的多样性和网络节点数.LEfSe分析结果显示,BS处理显著增加了根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)的相对丰度,BD处理显著增加了红色杆菌属(Rubrobacter)的相对丰度.冗余分析(RDA)表明,水溶性磷是phoC功能菌群落变化的显著影响因子,Olsen-P和闭蓄态磷(O-P)则共同驱动phoD功能菌群落变化.[结论]用沼液替代化肥有助于促进土壤难溶性磷的转化.增加沼液施加次数不但可以有效提高土壤可利用态磷含量,而且有助于提升解磷微生物群落复杂性和稳定性.因此,用等化肥氮量的沼液分次施用是提升稻田土壤磷素有效性和改善解磷微生物群落结构的有效途径.
[Objectives]We studied the effects of different biogas slurry application modes and rates on soil phosphorus availability and rice yield,and explored the underlying mechanism from the perspectives of periodical P supply and soil microbial community characteristics.[Methods]A experiment was conducted in paddy fields of the Hangjiahu Plain with five treatments:blank control(CK),conventional chemical fertilization(CF),single applicaiton of full biogas slurry(BS),split application of full biogas slurry(BD)and split application of reduced biogas slurry(BL).Soil physicochemical properties,P fractions,phosphatase activities,abundance and community composition of phoC-and phoD-harboring functional microbes,as well as rice biomass and plant P content,were analyzed using chemical assays and high-throughput sequencing at the tillering and maturity stages.[Results]Compared with CF,the BS treatment significantly reduced soil available phosphorus(Olsen-P)content by 15.17%and increased organic phosphorus(Org-P)content by 29.58%at the rice tillering stage,while significantly enhancing straw yield without notable effects on grain yield or plant P content.Compared with BS,the BD treatment significantly increased water-soluble P(Sol-P)and aluminum-bound P(Al-P)contents at the tillering stage,while reducing Org-P content at maturity.Both alpha diversity and co-occurrence network analyses indicated that higher application frequency enhanced the diversity and network complexity of phosphate-solubilizing microbial communities.LEfSe analysis revealed that BS significantly increased the relative abundance of Rhizobiaceae,whereas BD notably enriched Rubrobacter.Redundancy analysis(RDA)demonstrated that Sol-P was the dominant factor driving phoC-harboring microbial community shifts,while Olsen-P and occluded P(O-P)jointly influenced phoD-harboring microbial community dynamics.[Conclusions]Complete substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry facilitates the transformation of insoluble phosphorus in paddy soils.Increasing the frequency of biogas slurry applications not only effectively enhance soil P availability but also augments the complexity and stability of phosphorus-solubilizing microbial communities.Hence,isplit application of biogas slurry with an equivalent nitrogen input to chemical fertilizer is an effective strategy for improving soil phosphorus availability in paddy fields.
徐嘉栋;姜培坤;骆林平;董达
浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江 杭州 311300浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江 杭州 311300浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江 杭州 311300浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江 杭州 311300
沼液磷有效性磷组分磷酸酶微生物群落结构
biogas slurryphosphorus availabilityphosphorus fractionphosphatasemicrobial community structure
《植物营养与肥料学报》 2026 (2)
348-361,14
浙江省"尖兵""领雁"研发攻关计划项目(2023C02019)国家自然科学基金项目(41601234).
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