无人机在果园精准作业中的研究进展与挑战分析OA

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),leveraging their high mobility and platform expansibility,have demonstrated significant advantages in orchard remote sensing monitoring,variable-rate applica-tion,and intelligent decision-making,emerging as pivotal equipment for advancing intelligent orchard plant protection.This paper systematically reviews the development trajectory and typical applications of UAV platforms in orchards and classifies them into remote-sensing,operation,and integrated types.The key technologies and research progress in fruit tree structure reconstruction,fruit recognition,variable-rate spraying,and spray control are analyzed.Furthermore,four evolutionary stages of orchard UAV systems,from perception-enabled systems to intelligent collaboration,are summarized,and the underlying platform evolution logic and integration trends are revealed.Based on this,the paper delves into the key challenges currently faced by UAV applications in orchard environments,including unstable perception accuracy,lagging variable control,and difficulties in constructing closed-loop sys-tems,and prospects future technological breakthroughs in multi-modal perception,edge intelligence,orchard digital twins,and aerial-ground cooperative operations.