奶牛抗逆相关性状及遗传选育研究进展OA

Against the backdrop of intensifying climate change and the trend toward intensive farming,enhancing resilience has become a growing focus in global dairy cattle breeding programs.Yet in China,studies on resilience breeding in dairy cows remain in their infancy,with limited foundational research.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes recent domestic and international advances in phenotype and genetics for resilience in dairy cows.The main findings included that:1)Dynamic fluctuations in phenotype can effectively capture dairy cows'responses to environmental disturbances,while derived resilience traits generally exhibit low to moderate heritability and perform favorable and moderate genetic correlations with reproduction,health,body condition,longevity and other traits.2)As a complex polygenic trait,the development of resilience involves multiple mechanisms including the gut microbiota,immune regulation and maintenance of metabolic homeostasis.3)Incorporating resilience into dairy cattle breeding indices can improve animal welfare and management efficiency and also generate long-term economic benefits in dairy farms,especially under labor-limited and large-scale production systems.In summary,resilience is a novel and valuable functional trait in cows' breeding,future efforts should integrate high-throughput longitudinal phenotypes and techniques of molecular quantitative genetics to improve resilience evaluation and breeding in dairy cows,supporting the sustainable,efficient,and welfare-oriented development in dairy production.