红壤耕地施镁对油菜产量及品质的影响OA
Effects of magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate on rapeseed yield and quality in red soil farmland
为明确红壤耕地施镁对油菜产量及品质的影响,本研究于 2022-2023年在典型的红壤丘陵区(江西省进贤县)的旱地和水田开展镁肥对比试验,设置不施镁肥、施氯化镁和施硫酸镁 3个处理,分析了在红壤水田和旱地上两种镁肥基施对油菜产量及其构成、生物量累积、镁肥吸收利用和籽粒品质指标的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,红壤水田和旱地基施氯化镁和硫酸镁均能显著提高油菜籽粒产量,红壤水田施用氯化镁和硫酸镁分别增产 14.4%和 19.1%;红壤旱地施用氯化镁和硫酸镁分别增产 13.4%和 17.7%,主要是通过增加单株角果数而增产,且硫酸镁的增产效果优于氯化镁.施镁还显著提高了油菜地上部生物量、镁含量和镁积累量,且基施硫酸镁具有更高的收获指数和镁肥利用率.红壤旱地油菜产量略高于红壤水田,但基施镁肥后的增产率低于红壤水田.红壤水田和旱地基施氯化镁和硫酸镁分别提高了油菜的含油量和油酸含量,降低了芥酸、硬脂酸及棕榈酸含量,提高了油脂和蛋白产量,改善了油菜品质,且硫酸镁的提质效果优于氯化镁,在水田上的提质效果优于旱地.红壤水田和旱地基施氯化镁和硫酸镁对油菜产量与品质均具有显著的协同提升效果,并且硫酸镁的增产提质效应总体优于氯化镁,建议红壤水田和旱地选择硫酸镁作为镁肥基施.
To evaluate the effects of magnesium chloride(MgCl2)and magnesium sulfate(MgSO4)on rapeseed yield and quality in red soil farmland,a two-site field experiment was conducted at Jinxian,Jiangxi Province,with three Mg fertilizer treatments(no Mg fertilizer,MgCl2 and MgSO4)in dryland and paddy fields from typical red soil areas between 2022 and 2023.Rapeseed yield and its components,biomass and Mg accumulation,seed oil,protein,sulfide content and fatty acid fractions were analyzed.The results show that compared with the control,MgCl2 and MgSO4 applied to red soil paddy fields and dryland can significantly increase rape-seed grain yields.Applying MgCl2 and MgSO4 increases the yield by 14.4%and 19.1%in red soil paddy fields,by 13.4%and 17.7%in red soil dryland,respectively.The yield gain of rapeseed is primarily attributed to the increase in pod number per plant with better enhancing effect of MgSO4 than that of MgCl2.Both application of MgCl2 and MgSO4 also significantly increases the biomass,mag-nesium content and magnesium accumulation in the above ground of rapeseed.MgSO4 application exhibits a higher harvest index and magnesium fertilizer utilization rate.The yield of rapeseed in red soil dryland is slightly higher than that in red soil paddy fields,but the yield increase rate is lower than that in red soil paddy fields.The application of MgCl2 and MgSO4 as base fertilizers in both farmland increases the oil content and oleic acid content,reduces the erucic acid,stearic acid and palmitic acid content,and enhances the yield of oil and protein,thus improving rapeseed quality.MgSO4 is better than MgCl2 in improving the quality with better quality improvement effect in paddy fields.The application of MgCl2 and MgSO4 in both paddy fields and dryland of red soil all demonstrates a significant synergistic improvement effect on rapeseed yield and quality.The overall effect of MgSO4 in increas-ing yield and quality is better than that of MgCl2.It is recommended to choose MgSO4 as the basal magnesium fertilizer in red soil paddy fields and dryland.
李子婧;王馨悦;张晨;李炳霖;徐悦颖;黎星;刘小三;肖国滨;吕伟生
江西省红壤及种质资源研究所 耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌 330046江西省红壤及种质资源研究所 耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌 330046江西省红壤及种质资源研究所 耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌 330046华中农业大学 微量元素研究中心 农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430070进贤县农业技术推广中心,江西 南昌 331700江西省红壤及种质资源研究所 耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌 330046江西省红壤及种质资源研究所 耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌 330046江西省红壤及种质资源研究所 耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌 330046江西省红壤及种质资源研究所 耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌 330046
农业科技
镁肥红壤水田红壤旱地油菜产量品质
magnesium fertilizerred soil paddy fieldred soi drylandrapeseedyieldquality
《土壤与作物》 2026 (1)
81-91,11
国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)江西省油料产业技术体系专项(JXARS-03)耕地改良与质量提升江西省重点实验室(2024SSY04223)江西省农牧渔业科研指导性课题(赣农厅办函[2024]12号).
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