模糊层次分析法在涉及生态敏感区铁路生态影响量化评价指标赋权中的应用OA
Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process in Assigning Weights to Quantitative Assessment Indicators of Railway Ecological Impact in Ecologically Sensitive Regions
中长期铁路网规划"八纵八横"通道已实施项目中,约 40％的干线铁路项目穿越自然保护区.随着路网不断加密,穿越生态敏感区的铁路线路累积生态影响日益凸显,然而由于影响呈现时滞性,未能引起足够重视,因此迫切需要生态影响量化评价.针对穿越生态敏感区的铁路生态影响量化评价过程中指标赋权困难的问题,在建立涉及生态敏感区铁路生态影响量化评价指标体系的基础上,采用模糊层次分析法确定评价指标体系中各指标的权重.研究通过邀请行业专家参与调查问卷打分获取样本的方式,对指标体系中同层次同隶属关系的各指标相对重要性两两进行比较评分,建立模糊互补判断矩阵,同时进行模糊一致矩阵转换,归一化各指标权重,并对指标因子的独立性进行一致性检验,最终用实际环境影响评价案例辅助验证计算获得指标权重合理性.研究采用的模糊层次分析法计算简便,能够兼顾铁路生态影响因素多的特点,减少人为主观判断对指标赋权的干扰.通过与穿越生态敏感区的实际铁路建设项目生态影响评价内容对比可知,指标权重计算结果与目前铁路行业实际开展的生态影响评价内容重点总体一致,为实际开展铁路生态影响量化评价奠定基础.
In the projects already implemented under the"eight vertical and eight horizontal"corridors of China's medium-and long-term railway network plan,about 40％of the trunk railway projects pass through nature reserves.As the railway network becomes denser,the cumulative ecological impact of railway lines passing through ecologically sensitive regions is becoming increasingly prominent.However,due to the time lag of these impacts,they have not received sufficient attention,highlighting an urgent need for quantitative ecological impact assessment.This study focuses on the problem of difficulty in assigning weights to evaluation indicators in the quantitative assessment of ecological impact of railway lines passing through ecologically sensitive regions.Based on the establishment of an evaluation indicator system for railway lines passing through ecologically sensitive regions,the study used the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of each indicator in the indicator system.The study obtained sample data by inviting industry experts to participate in questionnaire scoring,and conducted pairwise comparisons to score the relative importance of each indicator at the same level and within the same hierarchy.The study established a fuzzy complementary judgment matrix and subsequently converted it into a fuzzy consistency matrix,normalized the weights of each indicator,and conducted a consistency test for the independence of the indicator factors.Finally,the study used actual environmental impact evaluation cases to assist in verifying the rationality of the calculated indicator weights.The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process adopted in this study was computationally simple,accommodated the complexity of railway ecological impact factors,and reduced the interference of subjective judgment in indicator weighting.By comparing the ecological impact assessment content of actual railway construction projects that cross ecologically sensitive regions with the calculated weighting factors,the calculated indicator weights were generally consistent with the current focus of ecological impact assessment in the railway industry,laying a foundation for the actual implementation of quantitative assessment of railway ecological impact.
孙捷;吴展波
生态环境部环境工程评估中心,北京 100041中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,成都 610031
交通工程
铁路工程生态敏感区生态影响评价模糊层次分析法指标赋权
railway engineeringecologically sensitive regionsecological impact assessmentfuzzy analytic hierarchy processindicator weighting
《铁道标准设计》 2026 (3)
198-205,8
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2600100)
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