深空资源原位利用技术研究发展综述OA

Significance A key aspect of enabling sustainable and affordable deep space programs is locating,extracting,and utilizing energy and resources available in deep space and converting them into the essential energy and products required for deep space exploration missions,with the aim of minimizing the dependence of exploration missions on Earth resources.This approach is known as In-Situ Resources Utilization(ISRU).This study reviews the current state of knowledge on in-situ resource utilization technologies for deep space resources in China and internationally,and examines the existing scientific challenges and future development trends of ISRU.It provides a reference for the research and development of in-situ resource utilization technologies in China. Progress The current research mainly focused on resource representation and mapping,in-situ consumables production,civil engineering con-struction,in-situ energy production and storage,environmental resource utilization,and ISRU analog testing.1)The mechanical and mineralogi-cal properties and the distribution characteristics of water and gas resources in geotechnical bodies on the Moon,Mars,and some asteroids were preliminarily demonstrated through integrated sample analysis and various remote sensing probes.The results indicated that deep-space environ-ments contained many resources,such as water ice,3He,metals,non-metals,and solar energy.These resources can provide essential support for human activities,including life support,power propulsion,food production,and manufacturing,as well as support sustainable and affordable deep-space exploration.2)Numerous technologies and pieces of equipment for lunar soil excavation,preparation of anhydrous concrete,and pro-duction of oxygen and water were proposed and manufactured through indoor testing.3)The construction of lunar and Mars bases represented an ambitious objective for human space colonization,and various structural configurations were proposed while considering the complex environ-mental and geological conditions of deep space.However,existing lunar and Mars bases remained at the conceptual design stage,and quantitative design from a civil engineering perspective has not yet been conducted.Systematic and comprehensive quantitative calculations for the bearing capacity of lunar soil,the selection of lunar base foundations,detailed loading design,structural stability,and disaster protection remained insuffi-cient.4)Energy is the cornerstone for the long-term operation and maintenance of future lunar bases.Abundant energy resources were identified in deep space,such as solar energy on the Moon and wind energy on Mars,and feasible in-situ energy production and storage technologies were proposed while considering the complex deep-space environment.However,these energy production and storage technologies remain at the con-ceptual stage and lack systematic theoretical foundations,technological development,equipment support,and indoor testing and verification un-der deep-space environmental conditions.5)The high vacuum,low gravity,and weak stability zone of the Moon represent valuable environmen-tal resources that can hardly be reproduced on Earth,and Mars is the closest external body in the solar system with environmental conditions simi-lar to those of the Earth.However,due to limited exploration and development on the Moon and Mars,these special environmental resources can-not yet be effectively utilized,and no systematic technologies have been developed for the comprehensive utilization of the extreme environments of the Moon and Mars.6)NASA possesses significant technological leadership in In-Situ Resources Utilization,and a series of relatively mature technologies and related equipment have been developed over recent decades.In addition,a series of simulated field experiments was conducted,completing tasks such as resource characterization and mapping,soil mining,and in-situ resource treatment and product preservation studies(an-hydrous concrete,oxygen),which demonstrated the feasibility of NASA's existing technologies and equipment. Conclusions and Prospects Over the past half-century,NASA,by virtue of the advantages of Apollo's abundant sample reserves and advanced deep space exploration technologies,has conducted many studies on the geology and engineering of the Moon and Mars.Therefore,it has estab-lished an advantage of"early knowledge and early leadership"in the field of deep space resource utilization.However,research on ISRU technol-ogy and equipment has only recently begun in China.Many technologies remain at the conceptual design stage and lack corresponding operable equipment or practical design programs,particularly in the areas of in situ resource extraction and transfer,in situ product production and storage,lunar base structure and protection design,and energy production and storage.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct targeted feasibility technology research and develop operational equipment that accounts for the complex environments of the Moon and Mars.Then,these technologies should be integrated into an implementable ISRU technology and equipment system to achieve sustainable and affordable development for China's fu-ture deep space exploration.