城市空间形态与基础设施对城市洪涝的作用机制:研究进展OA

With the intensification of global climate change and rapid urbanization,extreme rainfall events are occurring with increasing frequency,substantially altering the hydrological characteristics of urban surfaces and weakening their natural regulation and storage capacity.Consequently,the traditional urban flood management paradigm dominated by rapid drainage has become insufficient to cope with the growing complexity of urban flood risks.This study systematically investigates the mechanisms by which urban spatial patterns and infrastructure in urban flooding and points out that impervious surfaces,building layouts,topography,street networks,urban sprawl patterns,green space distribution,and water body distribution directly affect the risk of urban flooding by altering surface runoff paths,drainage efficiency,and rainwater storage capacity.By analyzing the synergistic mechanisms and quantitative research outcomes of gray infrastructure(e.g.,drainage systems)and green-blue infrastructure(e.g.,rain gardens and river-lake systems),this study reveals that the limitations of gray infrastructure in handling extreme rainfall events have driven the development of blue-green infrastructure.This forming a"grey-green-blue"collaborative system that enhances urban flood prevention,drainage,and stormwater storage capacity.Furthermore,this study systematically summarizes the research progress on urban flood simulation methods and monitoring technologies that account for urban spatial morphology and infrastructure impacts.The results indicate that physical mechanism models(e.g.,SWMM,MIKE URBAN,and TELEMAC-2D),statistical empirical models,and machine learning models(e.g.,CNN-LSTM coupled models)each possess distinct advantages in urban flood simulation.The integration of diverse monitoring technologies,including conventional sensors,remote sensing,GIS,social media data,the Internet of Things,and digital twin systems,is accelerating the transition of urban flood management toward intelligent and data-driven frameworks.In light of the current research gaps,this study suggests that future research should adopt multi-scale,multi-factor,and multi-objective perspectives to further advance the coordinated optimization of urban spatial morphology and infrastructure systems.Particular attention should be given to exploring the dynamic adjustment and effective integration of flood control and drainage design standards under changing environmental conditions,promoting the coordinated operation and benefit quantification of"gray-green-blue"infrastructure systems,and leveraging multi-source big data and digital twin technologies to enable intelligent urban flood emergency response,thereby facilitating a shift toward more refined and resilient urban flood management.This paper provides a systematic summary of flood simulation methods,monitoring techniques,and flood risk mitigation measures that consider the influence of urban spatial patterns and infrastructure,discusses the advantages and shortcomings of various aspects of flood risk prevention and control,and highlights that future research should focus on elucidating the coupling mechanisms between spatial patterns and infrastructure and promoting the intelligence,refinement,and integration of urban flood management.