国际科技关系视角下美国"科技竞争"理念的演变与影响OA

[Research purpose]This paper focuses on the international context where national technological competitiveness is closely tied to comprehensive national strength and economic development,and has thus become a crucial determinant of international competition,especially amid intensifying Sino-US scientific and technological competition.It aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the evolution of the US concept of"scientific and technological competition",explore its impact on US international science and technology strategies,and provide support for China's response to such competition,as well as formulating its science and technology strategies,and adjusting its foreign science and technology relations.[Research method]This paper adopts a historical analysis approach.Against the backdrop of the current international landscape of technological competition,it divides the evolution of the US concept of"scientific and technological competition"into four stages:emergence,formation,implementation,and new development.From a historical perspective,it systematically reviews the internal driving forces behind the formation of the US concept of"scientific and technological competition"across different periods,which mainly include national strategic needs and economic interests;it also analyzes in detail its manifestations,including the formulation of science and technology policies,prioritization of research investment,international science and technology cooperation,and containment strategies;and it deeply explores the main impacts of these concepts on US technological development,its international scientific and technological standing,and the global science and technology landscape.[Research conclusion]This paper derives four important insights for China in responding to technological competition and promoting scientific and technological innovation.First,China should enhance the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation,optimize resource allocation,and improve the transformation rate of scientific research achievements.Second,China should promote innovation across the entire industrial chain and achieve coordinated development between upstream and downstream sectors.Third,China should diversify its scientific and technological innovation entities and stimulate the vitality of enterprises,universities,research institutions,and other stakeholders.Fourth,China should gain a better grasp of the global scientific and technological landscape and formulate flexible and effective science and technology development strategies,thereby providing strong support for China's scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening.