有机肥配施氮肥对大粒香籽粒灌浆特性与穗型指数及产量的影响OA

[Objective]The effects of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer combination on grain filling characteristics,panicle type index(PTI)and yield of Dalixiang were studied,which provided reference for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and increasing efficiency in production and formulating better cultivation measures for rice.[Method]Dalixiang was selected as the experimental material,and the following 6 treatment groups were set up for study:No fertilizer as CK,nitrogen fertilizer(N),organic fertilizer replacing 30%nitrogen fertilizer(NF1),organic fertilizer replacing 50%nitrogen fertilizer(NF2),organic fertilizer replacing 70%nitrogen fertilizer(NF3)and 100%organic fertilizer(F).Then the grain-filling parameters(superior and inferior grains)and PTI of Dalixiang treated with different ratios of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer were determined.[Result]Compared with CK,as the application rate of organic fertilizer increased,the grain weight at maximum filling rate(Wmax),maximum grain-filling rate(Gmax),mean grain-filling rate(Gmean)and active grain-filling period(D)of both superior and inferior grains generally increased initially and then decreased,while the time to reach maximum filling rate(Tmax)showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.Under NF1 treatment,the Wmax,Gmax,Gmean,and D values for the superior grains of Dalixiang reached the maximums,at 17.630 7 mg/grain,1.722 1 mg/(grain•d),1.089 2 mg/(grain•d),and 26.52 days,respectively.The Tmax was reduced by 1.61 days,0.04 days,0.07 days,1.35 days,and 0.91 days compared to CK,N,NF2,NF3,and F treatments,respectively.Similarly,under the NF1 treatment,the Wmax,Gmax,Gmean,and D values for the inferior grains of Dalixiang also reached the maximums,at 12.681 9 mg/grain,0.562 2 mg/(grain•d),0.323 2 mg/(grain•d),and 58.69 days,respectively.The Tmax was reduced by 2.00 days,0.31 days,0.45 days,1.08 days,and 1.36 days compared to CK,N,NF2,NF3,and F treatments,respectively.In addition,organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen obviously affected the PTI of Dalixiang.With the increase of organic fertilizer,the PTI showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and was significantly higher under NF1 treatment(0.53)than other treatments.The yield showed a downward trend,and the yield of Dalixiang under NF1 reached the highest at 530.09 kg/667m2.The total number of grains per panicle,effective panicle number,seed setting rate,PTI and Wmax of superior grains were selected as the key indexes for comprehensive evaluation of yield traits after the treatment of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer.Yield was significantly positively correlated with total number of grains per panicle,effective panicle number,PTI and Wmax of superior grains.[Conclusion]Reasonable application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the yield of Dalixiang.The yield of Dalixiang was the highest(530.09 kg/667m2)under the treatment of organic fertilizer replacing 30%nitrogen fertilizer.This yield enhancement was primarily achieved by increasing the total number of grains per panicle,effective panicle number and panicle type index.