磨牙-切牙釉质矿化不全诊疗策略研究进展OA

Molar-incisor hypomineralization(MIH)is a developmental defect of enamel that is characterized primar-ily by abnormal enamel mineralization affecting the first permanent molars and permanent incisors.Due to insufficient mineralization,teeth affected by MIH are prone to post-eruptive breakdown and caries,potentially leading to sequelae such as tooth sensitivity and occlusal problems.The diagnosis of MIH is primarily based on relevant perinatal and infan-tile medical history,the characteristic distribution of affected teeth,and the morphological features of the enamel de-fects.Based on the extent and severity of the enamel defect,MIH is classified as mild or severe.Diagnosis and treat-ment strategies emphasize early screening,diagnosis,and intervention,prioritizing prevention,providing symptomatic care,and implementing regular recall assessments.Mild MIH predominantly manifests as demineralized enamel opaci-ties or discoloration,typically without significant enamel breakdown.Treatment focuses on caries prevention and aes-thetic restoration,employing techniques such as remineralization,micro-abrasion,resin infiltration,bleaching,fluoride application,and fissure sealants.Severe MIH typically presents with extensive enamel opacities accompanied by sub-stantial enamel breakdown and may be complicated by caries and tooth sensitivity.Management primarily involves re-storing the structural defects or,for teeth that cannot be preserved,extraction followed by orthodontic treatment.Com-prehensive management often requires a multimodal approach integrating various therapeutic modalities to restore both the function and aesthetics of the affected teeth and overall dentition.This article provides a review of advancements in diagnosis and the treatment strategies for MIH,offering a reference for clinical practice.