陕西典型夯土遗址阴阳面片状剥离差异性发育特征OA
Differential Development Characteristics of Flaking on Sunny and Shady Sides of Typical Rammed Earth Sites in Shaanxi Province
片状剥离作为土遗址最为典型和严重的病害类型之一,在遗址阴阳面发育程度存在显著的差异性,然而目前针对不同赋存环境下典型夯土遗址阴阳面片状剥离差异性特征缺乏系统研究.本研究以陕西省境内半干旱及半湿润环境下18处不同历史时期构筑的夯土遗址作为研究对象,通过病害现场调查、环境监测及室内土工测试等多种手段,揭示太阳辐射作用下土遗址阴阳面片状剥离病害差异性发育特征.结果表明:遗址阳面片状剥离二元结构厚度平均为24.41 mm,遗址阴面二元结构平均厚度24.15 mm,遗址阳面表面粗糙度为1.178,遗址阴面表面粗糙度1.151,阳面片状剥离较阴面更严重;通过遴选两种环境区内的代表性遗址开展24 h遗址阴阳面环境监测,发现遗址阳面墙体较阴面温湿度波动更强烈,盐分迁移梯度更大,遗址土体次生矿物含量更高.因此,太阳辐射通过差异性影响遗址阴阳面的温度和湿度,促进了遗址表面土体差异性水盐迁移活动,进而促进墙体表层土体团聚作用,从而导致阳面片状剥离的发育演化更为严重.本研究揭示了环境因素影响下的土遗址阴阳面片状剥离差异性发育特征及其与环境、土体性质间的内在联系,为土遗址片状剥离病害的预防性保护提供科学依据.
Flaking is one of the most typical and severe deterioration forms in earthen sites,and its degree of development exhibits significant differences between the sunny side and the shady side.However,systematic research on the differential characteristics of flaking on the sunny and shady sides of typical rammed earth sites under different environmental conditions is currently lacking.This study investigated 18 rammed earth sites constructed in different historical periods in semi-arid and semi-humid environments within Shaanxi Province.Through on-site deterioration surveys,environmental monitoring,and laboratory geotechnical tests,this study revealed the differential development characteristics of flaking deterioration on the sunny and shady sides of earthen sites under solar radiation.The results showed that the average thickness of the binary structure of flaking was 24.41 mm on the sunny side and 24.15 mm on the shady side,and the surface roughness of the sunny side was 1.178 and that of the shady side was 1.151,indicating that flaking was more severe on the sunny side than on the shady side.Representative sites in the two environmental zones were selected for 24-hour environmental monitoring of their sunny and shady sides,which showed that temperature and humidity fluctuations on the sunny side of the site walls were more intense,the salt migration gradient was greater,and the secondary mineral content of the site soils was higher than that on the shady side.Therefore,solar radiation differentially affected the temperature and humidity of the sunny and shady sides of the sites,promoting differential water-salt migration in the surface soils,which in turn promoted the soil aggregate formation in the surface layer of the walls,consequently leading to more severe flaking development on the sunny side.This study reveals the differential development characteristics of flaking on the sunny and shady sides of earthen sites under the influence of environmental factors and their intrinsic relationships with environmental conditions and soil properties,providing a scientific basis for the preventive conservation of flaking deterioration in such sites.
郭亚旭;杜昱民;仉文岗;崔凯;朱才辉;杨阳;董文强
西北工业大学考古探测与文物保护技术教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710072||西北工业大学文化遗产研究院,陕西 西安 710072||西北工业大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西 西安 710072西北工业大学考古探测与文物保护技术教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710072||西北工业大学文化遗产研究院,陕西 西安 710072重庆大学土木工程学院,重庆 400045兰州理工大学丝绸之路文化遗产保护研究院,甘肃 兰州 730050西安理工大学土木建筑与工程学院,陕西 西安 710048西北工业大学考古探测与文物保护技术教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710072||重庆大学土木工程学院,重庆 400045西北工业大学考古探测与文物保护技术教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710072||西北工业大学文化遗产研究院,陕西 西安 710072
建筑与水利
夯土遗址片状剥离阴阳面太阳辐射土体性质
rammed earth sitesflakingsunny and shady sidessolar radiationsoil properties
《防灾减灾工程学报》 2026 (1)
1-17,30,18
国家自然科学基金青年项目(42202313)、陕西省社会科学基金年度项目(2021G014)、陕西省两链融合重点专项—文化遗产保护利用重大专项(2022LL-ZD-01)、中国博士后科学基金第74批面上项目(2023MD744181)、考古探测与文物保护技术教育部重点实验室(西北工业大学)开放课题(2024KFZ01)资助
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