放射性口腔黏膜炎的小分子靶向药物研发OA

Radiation-induced oral mucositis(RIOM)is a common and severe complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancers.Its pathogenesis involves multiple processes,in-cluding oxidative stress,inflammatory response,immune acti-vation,and impaired epithelial repair.Currently,clinical inter-ventions for RIOM have limited efficacy,and there is a lack of specific therapeutic drugs targeting the underlying pathologi-cal mechanisms.In recent years,the intervention strategies for RIOM with small-molecule targeted drugs as the core have gradually become a research focus.This article systematically reviews small-molecule targeted drugs acting across various pathological stages of RIOM,including superoxide dismutase mimetics and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)modulators that target oxidative stress,innate defense regula-tors that modulate innate immunity,nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)inhibitors that suppress key inflammatory pathway,and uridine phosphorylase inhibitors that promote mucosal epithe-lial repair,elaborating on their mechanisms of action,summa-rizing the preclinical and clinical research progress,and ana-lyzing key challenges in current drug development.Further-more,it looks forward to the future directions of development in multi-target combination therapies,aiming to provide theo-retical evidence and strategic support for the precise preven-tion and management of RIOM.