黄帚橐吾挥发性代谢组的时序动态与化学防御策略OA

[Objective]The study aimed to elucidate the developmental dynamics of the chemical defense strategies in Ligularia virgaurea.[Method]The study systematically analyzed the metabolic profiles and dynamic changes of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)across four key growth stages(seedling stage,pre-flowering stage,late-flowering stage and withering stage)using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS).[Result](ⅰ)A total of 1230 metabolites were identified,among which 33 characteristic components with relative content＞1％showed terpenoids as the dominant class(35.55％).(ⅱ)Metabolites dif-fered significantly among growth stages.The seedling stage was dominated by Terpinen-4-Ol and Gamma.-Terpinene;the pre-flowering stage showed significant enrichment of Benzene,1-Ethenyl-3,5-Dimethyl-and Naphthalene,1,2,4a,5,8,8a-Hexahydro-4,7-Dimethyl-1-(1-Meth-ylethyl)-,[1s-(1.Alpha.,4a.beta.,8a.alpha.)]-;the late-flowering stage saw increased levels of Butanoic Acid,3-Methyl-,2-Phenylethyl Ester,Hexanoic Acid,5-Methyl-,Methyl Ester and Phenethyl Stearate;and the withering stage exhibited significant upregulation of four com-ponents:Bicyclo[3.1.0]Hexane,4-Methylene-1-(1-Methylethyl)-,2,4-Dimethylphenethyl Alcohol,1,4,7,-Cycloundecatriene,1,5,9,9-Tetramethyl-,Z,Z,Z-,and Benzyl Benzoate.(ⅲ)Terpenoid components possessed broad ecological functions:β-Phellandrene(seedling stage)played a role in pathogen defense;P-Menth-2-En-7-O1,Cis-(flowering stage)protected young fruits from insect herbivory;while the high content of 1h-Cyclopropa[A]Naphthalene,1a,2,3,5,6,7,7a,7b-Octahydro1,1,7,7aTetramethyl-,[1ar(1a.alpha.,7.Alpha.,7a.al-pha.,7b.alpha.)]-during the withering stage might suppress competitors through allelopathic effects to secure resources for offspring.[Con-clusion]These results demonstrate that L.virgaurea forms a developmentally synchronized chemical defense strategy by temporally regulating VOC expression,providing potential metabolic intervention targets for the ecological control of toxic weeds in alpine meadows.