列宁国家观的历史生成、核心思想及其现实启示OACHSSCD

The study of Lenin's view of the state aims to systematically examine the conceptual system formed on the basis of inheriting and developing Marx and Engels'theory of the state,so as to respond to the doubts of the liberal view of the state and state nihilism.In the current critical period when the domestic and international imperatives are intertwined,it is necessary to clarify the formation logic and modern connotation of Lenin's view of the state,and provide theoretical support for modernizing China's system and capacity for governance.By reading Lenin's original works,this paper sorts out his development of Marxist ideas on the essence of the state and the development of socialism.It uses a comparative analysis method to examine Lenin's criticism of erroneous trends of thought,such as revisionism and opportunism,and reveals the process by which he refined his view of the state through theoretical struggles.Combined with relevant historical materials,it also analyzes how Lenin transformed the theory of the state into concrete practices of state governance through innovation in systems and mechanisms.This paper finds that Lenin developed Marxist ideas on the essence of the state and creatively put forward the theory of"the victory of socialism in one country",which provides a basis for underdeveloped countries to develop socialism.When criticizing many erroneous trends of thought in the Second International,Lenin made it clear that the proletariat must establish a dictatorship through violent revolution.Especially at the practical level,Lenin blazed a new path for socialist state governance and set a model for its development by taking measures such as establishing worker-peasant supervision institutions and promoting universal cultural education.Lenin's view of the state represents the dialectical unity of criticism and construction:it not only inherits the revolutionary nature of Marxist theory of the state,but also enriches the theory of socialist governance through Soviet practice;its core lies in the organic integration of four elements,namely,adhering to the fundamental direction of the dictatorship of the proletariat,the Party's overall leadership,the principal position of the people,and institutional innovation;and it reveals the universal law of the development of socialist states,namely that it is necessary to restrict power by strengthening the people's supervision and safeguard democracy through institutional and cultural development.These viewpoints provide theoretical reference for comprehensively promote the construction of a powerful country and the great cause of national rejuvenation by Chinese modernization nowadays.