海水与水产品中氯霉素分析检测技术研究进展OACSCD

Chloramphenicol(CAP),a broad-spectrum antibiotic,exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting the function of bacterial ribosomes.Since its application in the 1940s,this drug has long been used in aquaculture for disease prevention and control.However,CAP can cause serious toxic side effects,such as bone marrow suppres-sion and aplastic anemia,and its nitrobenzene ring structure shows considerable bioaccumulation in aquatic organ-isms.Although several countries have listed CAP as a prohibited drug in aquaculture,regional violations still tran-spire.CAP residues not only cause harm to the ecological environment but also pose a threat to human health through the food chain.Therefore,a precise and efficient detection system must be established to address such issue.This article summarizes the sample pretreatment and analysis detection techniques for CAP in seawater and aquatic products.In terms of sample pretreatment,seawater samples are filtered to remove particulate matter,and chelating agents,such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,are added to eliminate metal ion interference.In addition,the pH is adjusted to an appropriate range to improve the recovery rate of the target compound.The pretreatment of biologi-cal samples increases in complexity.In addition to the above steps,mechanical oscillation or ultrasonic disruption of cell structures is performed,followed by centrifugation and collection of the supernatant for enrichment and pu-rification.Among the detection techniques,high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry exhibits high sensitivity and specificity,which enables the precise quantification of trace CAP residues in aquatic products.Colloidal gold immunochromatography involves a simple operation and offers rapid detection,making it suitable for large-scale sample screening and on-site market spot checks.In contrast,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is based on a specific antigen-antibody reaction and shows good selectivity for CAP.Future research should focus on the development of novel detection technologies with high sensitivity and low cost and on the establish-ment of standardized detection procedures to enhance regulatory efficiency.