鬼箭羽及其有效成分治疗糖尿病肾病作用机制研究进展OA

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is one of the most severe and prevalent microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus.Its incidence is increasing annually,posing a serious threat to human health.Euonymus alatus,a traditional Chinese me-dicinal herb known for its effects in promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals,breaking blood stasis and resolving mass-es,as well as detoxifying and killing parasites,is highly consistent with the pathogenesis of kidney collateral stasis in DKD.Mod-ern pharmacological studies indicate that Euonymus alatus is rich in various bioactive components,including flavonoids,triterpe-noids,and alkaloids.Its therapeutic mechanism against DKD exhibits multi-target and multi-pathway regulatory characteristics:it improves insulin resistance by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ)pathway;maintains lipid met-abolic homeostasis by regulating adipocytokines tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and adiponectin(ADPN);exerts antioxidant ef-fects by clearing reactive oxygen species(ROS)through activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/antiox-idant response element(ARE)pathway,while reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and interleukin-6(IL-6)via inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway;concurrently,it downregulates the transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Sma-and Mad-related proteins(Smads)signaling axis to inhibit extracellular matrix deposition and delay renal fibro-sis.This article systematically reviews the relevant active components of Euonymus alatus in DKD treatment reported in domestic and international literature,and elucidates its mechanisms of action in-depth by integrating modern pharmacological research find-ings,for the purpose of providing a scientific foundation for the further development of Euonymus alatus and its in-depth research in DKD therapy.