Homret Ghannam Post-collisional Granites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt:Petrogenesis,Geodynamic Evolution,and Rare-metal SignificanceOA

Homret Ghannam alkali feldspar granite(HGAFG)in the central Eastern Desert(CED)of Egypt represents a distinctive example of late Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS).This study integrates field observations,petrography,mineral chemistry(EMPA),and whole-rock geochemistry to investigate its petrogenesis,geodynamic evolution,and rare-metal potential.HGAFG comprises two cogenetic varieties,alkali feldspar granite and riebeckite-bearing granite,hosting rare-metal minerals such as zircon,fluorite,columbite and apatite.HGAFG exhibits diagnostic A-type geochemical characteristics,including high SiO₂contents(73.81-77.86 wt%),metaluminous to mildly peralkaline composition(ASI:0.92-1.03),enrichment in HFSE(Zr≈791.80 ppm,Nb≈68.12 ppm,Y≈90.81 ppm)andΣREE(103.40-475.57 ppm),and pronounced negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.07-0.20).Zircon saturation thermometry yields high crystallization temperatures(TZr≈908.87℃)and low emplacement pressures(1.46 kbar)under reducing conditions(ƒO_(2)≈−11.5).The mineralogical and geochemical results reveal that HGAFG originated from a hybrid,fluorine-rich magma generated by anatexis of lower crust,followed by extensive fractional crystallization,during late post-collisional extension associated with lithospheric delamination.The reduced nature and fluorine enrichment of HGAFG magma promoted the mineralization of Nb-Ta-REE phases,highlighting its significance as a fertile,high-temperature product of the terminal magmatic stage in ANS evolution.