Relation Between Endothelial Dysfunction and Exercise Training-Mediated Adaptation in Cardiovascular Risk Factors,Cardiorespiratory Fitness,and Vascular Health in Humans:A secondary analysisOACSCD

Purpose A priori cardiovascular(CV)health status may impact reductions in risk factors and CV mortality and morbid-ity following exercise training,although this is not fully understood.Therefore,the purpose of the study was to examine if endothelial function(assessed via flow mediated dilation;FMD%),predicts the magnitude of change in CV risk factors or fitness following exercise training.Methods We pooled data from 338 individuals who underwent supervised exercise training(8-26 weeks).Using recent sex-and age-specific reference values for flow-mediated dilation(FMD%),we categorised participants as having preserved endothelial function(P-EF)(>50th percentile of reference value,56 females,67 males,46±17 years)or reduced endothelial function(R-EF)(<50th percentile of reference value,67 females,148 males,48±17 years).The effects of exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors(BMI,cholesterol,glucose and triglycerides),cardiorespiratory fitness(VO_(2peak))and vascular function(FMD%)were examined using a two-way mixed design general linear model.Results Exercise training significantly improved physical fitness(P<0.001),with no difference in the magnitude of improvement between P-EF and R-EF.Modest but significant reductions were present in BMI,blood pressure and total cholesterol(all P<0.005),with no difference between P-EF and R-EF groups in the magnitude of changes in these variables with training.Exercise training did not significantly alter glucose,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein(HDL)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)(all P>0.05).Conclusion Individuals with reduced and preserved a priori endothelial function status can obtain benefits from exercise in terms of risk factor modification and fitness change.Therefore,exercise has the potential to be beneficial in all clinical groups.