温州市婚检与孕前优生健康检查人群指定传染病检出情况与影响因素分析OA

Objective To analyze the detection status of designated infectious diseases(including hepatitis B,Treponema pallidum,acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),Chlamydia trachomatis,and Neisseria gonorrhoeae)among populations undergoing free premarital and pre-pregnancy health examinations in Wenzhou,and to explore the influencing factors for infection.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the free premarital and pre-pregnancy health examination results of the permanent residents in Wenzhou,which were uploaded to the"Two Free Services for Eugenics"system in Wenzhou City and Zhejiang Province by maternal and child health institutions in 12 counties(cities,districts)of Wenzhou from January 1,2020,to December 31,2023.A total of 155 345 couples of reproductive age were included.The annual detection rates of designated infectious diseases were calculated,and factors influencing those infections were analyzed.Results From 2020 to 2023,the positive rates of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)among the above examined population were 6.76％,6.57％,5.58％,and 5.37％,respectively,and the positive rates of Chlamydia trachomatisantibody were 1.3％,0.57％,0.73％,and 0.53％,respectively,both showing a declining trend(all P＜0.05).The positive rates of Treponema pallidumantibody were 5.06‰,5.24‰,6.35‰,and 5.26‰,respectively,with no significant trend(P＞0.05).The positive rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeaeantibody were 0.38‰,0.39‰,0.41 ‰,and 1.30‰,respectively,showing a yearly increasing trend(P＜0.05).Additionally,10 cases of HIV antibody positivity were detected during this period.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age over 30 years was risk factors for infection with designated infectious diseases(P＜0.05),while female gender,education level of college/bachelor's/master's degree were protective factors(all P＜0.05).Conclusion From 2020 to 2023,the infection rates of designated infectious diseases in Wenzhou show a decreasing trend overall.However,the prevention and control of infectious diseases such as AIDS,hepatitis B,syphilis,chlamydia,and gonorrhea remain challenging.It is essential to actively develop targeted disease prevention measures and precise interventions for key populations,such as males,individuals with lower education levels,and older age groups.This is of positive significance for reducing the spread of infectious diseases and minimizing birth defects.