众智:概念、机制与测量OACHSSCD

Collective intelligence refers to a team-level general cognitive ability through which team members collaborate,communicate,and share knowledge to tackle complex tasks or solve problems.Its essence lies in transcending individual limitations to achieve cognitive synergy and efficacy enhancement at the group level.Despite growing scholarly interest,the field continues to grapple with significant challenges in both conceptual clarity and methodological rigor.Conceptually,the construct is characterized by definitional heterogeneity stemming from diverse disciplinary perspectives;moreover,prominent theoretical frameworks—such as Shared Mental Models,Transactive Memory Systems,and Interactive Team Cognition—remain fragmented,lacking a unifying integrative model.In terms of measurement approaches,existing assessment approaches exhibit complementary strengths and limitations:while evaluative methods effectively capture overall team performance,they offer limited insight into underlying cognitive processes;conversely,diagnostic approaches provide detailed process-oriented analyses but often sacrifice ecological validity.This study systematically reviews the conceptual evolution of collective intelligence,explains the main theoretical models of its formation mechanisms,and compares evaluative and diagnostic measurement paradigms.Based on this,we propose future directions including promoting the integration of measurement paradigms,constructing a multimodal dynamic assessment system,and strengthening research on human-AI collaborative teams to expand the theoretical boundaries and practical applications of collective intelligence.