可控制备介孔碳球调控用于增强光热-化疗协同治疗OA

Carbon-based materials have gained significant at-tention in anticancer treatment because of their exceptional biocompatibility,yet critical challenges persist in establishing definitive correlations between their porous structures and functional performance.We report the use of a silica template to guide pore formation in the design of mesoporous carbon spheres(mC)with tailored pore structures for improved com-bined photothermal-chemotherapy.The mesopore size of mC has been adjusted by kinetic control of the resin polymeriza-tion and silica hydrolysis.Structural characterization showed that 4.4 nm mesopores enabled an exceptional gemcitabine loading of 228 mg g-1 and a sustained pH/thermal dual-re-sponsive release with>70%drug release under near-infrared(NIR)irradiation.Finite element analysis demonstrated pore size-dependent heat transfer dynamics,with the improved mC achieving a superior photothermal conversion efficiency of 62%by a combination of N-doping and defect engineering.In vitro evaluations confirmed outstanding biocompatibility with>95%cell viability at 200 μg mL-1 and potent tumor suppression in pancreatic and biliary cancer models with an～5%cell viability at 25 μg mL-1 where combined therapy showed a 3.7-fold in-creased cytotoxicity over monotherapy.The improved structure of mC facilitated cascade therapeutic effects with enhanced tu-mor permeability derived from NIR-triggered hyperthermia and prolonged therapeutic exposure due to pH-responsive drug re-lease.This pore engineering strategy establishes a structure-function process for next-generation theranostic platforms,address-ing the critical limitations of conventional pancreatic and biliary cancer therapies through spatiotemporal control of multimodal treatment.