传统聚落天际线分形特征与主体感知探究OACHSSCD

The skyline of traditional settlements is a visual boundary jointly formed by natural landforms and artificial structures,embodying unique cultural and aesthetic values.Against the backdrop of the rapid development of rural tourism,the skylines of some traditional settlements are confronting issues of"style alienation,"such as the replacement of original layers and the weakening of cultural characteristics.However,existing research on skylines has mainly focused on urban spaces,with a scarcity of studies concerning traditional settlements.On this basis,this study collected multi-scale skyline samples from three typical Dong villages in Tongdao County,Hunan Province,to systematically explore their fractal characteristics and their intrinsic correlations with aesthetic perception.The research results may provide a scientific basis for the style regulation and tourism resource development of traditional settlements.In terms of research methods,a skyline sampling system known as the"Four-View Locating Method"(based on viewing angle,viewing distance,viewing scope,and viewing height)was constructed.A total of 24 sampling points were deployed across the three villages.The images were corrected and skyline vector data acquired using software such as PTGui Pro,Adobe Photoshop,and AutoCAD.The fractal dimension was calculated via the box-counting method.A Likert scale was adopted to conduct a survey on subjective perceived pleasure,and Pearson correlation analysis was performed using SPSS software. The research results show that:(1)The fractal characteristics of the skylines of traditional Dong settlements in Tongdao County exhibit significant scale differences.Specifically,the macro-scale presents an overall feature of"mountains determining the framework and buildings highlighting the focal points,"with a strong positive correlation between mountain skylines and architectural skylines.The overall spatial structure within the settlements further enhances the hierarchical integration of mountain skylines and architectural skylines.At the local scale,iconic Dong buildings such as drum towers enhance the fractal dimension of local skyline segments significantly,and the spatial order of settlement buildings guides the stable"growth"of local skyline segments.At the individual building scale,the fractal characteristics of the"Three Treasures"of Dong architecture,namely the drum towers,village gates,and wind-rain bridges,are mainly influenced by the spatial density of"cultural symbols,"the number of floors of individual buildings,the complexity of detailed decorations,and other factors.(2)The fractal characteristics of the skylines of Dong settlements in Tongdao County are significantly positively correlated with subjective perception,and the correlation mechanism at different scales is jointly influenced by contours and architectural forms.The core interval of fractal dimension corresponding to the overall optimal perceived pleasure is 1.10～1.35,which balances the orderliness and richness of the skyline and meets the subjective aesthetic needs.Among them,the correlation between the fractal dimension and pleasure is the strongest at the macro scale,where the morphological integration of"mountains and buildings"serves as the core perceptual basis,and the fractal dimension exhibits the most prominent explanatory power.The correlation intensity at the local and individual building scales is slightly weaker.Although the complexity of the contours of iconic buildings such as drum towers and wind-rain bridges increases the fractal dimension and drives the recovery of pleasure,the overall pleasure is still lower than that at the macro scale due to insufficient spatial order and environmental coordination. The research conclusions indicate that the fractal characteristics of the skylines of Dong settlements in Tongdao County,as a quantitative indicator of the complexity of settlement forms,can effectively characterize the vertical spatial characteristics of traditional settlements.The"Four-View Locating Method"and the analytical framework of"fractal characteristics-perception correlation"constructed in this study provide a new perspective for quantitative research on the ethnic characteristics of the vertical space of traditional settlements.The research results can be applied to the setting of tourist check-in points and style-regulation practices of Dong settlements in Tongdao County.