失能老人无为行为积极性与空间场景作用研究OACHSSCD

In the social background of population aging and intensifying disability in China,the construction of full-day care facilities for the elderly in communities has emerged as a critical solution to urgent challenges,such as growing family burdens and insufficient aged care services.The elderly predominantly display inactive behaviors due to their declining physical health.To promote positive aging,it is important for facilities to guide these behaviors toward a more active mode.Based on previous behavioral perspectives,this study introduced a comprehensive evaluation of the positivity of inactive behaviors of the disabled elderly from the perspective of spatiotemporal performances and the emotional features of these inactive behaviors by using a UWB real-time positioning system and facial expression recognition technology.Affective differences between seniors with mild,moderate,and severe disability were investigated using nonparametric testing and post-hoc multiple comparisons.Based on scene theory,the facility spatial scenes were defined from the perspectives of spatial environment and behavioral activities to explore public space scene features of positivity of inactive behaviors of the elderly with different ability levels,respectively. The results revealed the following:(1)On average,the disabled elderly covered with full-day care facilities in the community spent more than 30%of their day on inactive behaviors.Specifically,the inactive behavior hours of elderly individuals with severe disability are significantly higher than they are for those who have only mild or moderate disability.Nearly 90%of inactive behaviors for those with moderate and severe disability occur at fixed seats,showing limited mobility.(2)The positivity of inactive behaviors varies significantly among elderly individuals with mild,moderate,and severe disability.Those with mild and moderate disability are more likely to be affected by spatial scenes and thereby display relatively positive inactive behaviors,such as aimless watching.As a result,the SI value increases,and they get positive emotions.(3)Spatial environment can encourage elderly people with different disability levels to undertake positive actions that are in line with their physical capacities.Diversified and flexible public spaces expand the range of inactive behaviors available to them.Furniture arrangements with vast views often prompt the elderly with moderate disability to participate in aimless watching and targeted observation,while semi-private spatial settings and open nursing stations assist those with severe disability and transform negative behaviors into relatively positive inactive behaviors.(4)Behavioral activity scenes can encourage the elderly with different disability levels to display positive inactive emotional responses.Dynamic activity scenes are beneficial in attracting the attention of elderly individuals with mild disability and enhancing their emotional state,and the highest SI can exceed 90.Static and dynamic behavioral scenes using TV images as the background can also improve the SI of elderly individuals with severe disabilities,to some extent. Three suggestions were proposed regarding the public spatial environmental design of full-day care facilities for the elderly in communities:(1)Elderly individuals with mild disability can live with those who have a mild disability but no cognitive disorders.However,elderly individuals with severe disabilities should not live together,and independent care units should be set for them.(2)Care units for elderly individuals with mild and moderate disability should be equipped with diversified peaceful seating sections,with rest chairs next to open and bright windows that provide plenty of natural light and high pedestrian mobility.In care units for the elderly with severe disability,semi-private spaces and open nursing stations should be arranged in the adjacent living room.(3)Dynamic and static behavioral scenes should be exhibited through open spatial layouts and the flexible use of furniture.TV pictures can be output effectively through the reasonable organization of desks,chairs,and TV sets.The proposed suggestions provide a reference for not only the future spatial design of relevant facilities but also operations-related staff.