动脉粥样硬化的细胞靶向治疗策略研究进展OA

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease driven by both lipid metabolism disorders and chro-nic inflammation,and it remains a leading cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.This review fo-cuses on the cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis,with particu-lar emphasis on macrophages,vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells,as well as recent ad-vances in targeting these cells for therapeutic purposes.As key immune cells,macrophages are central to lipid uptake,inflammatory cytokine release,and necrotic core formation,making them a hotspot in current cell-tar-geted therapy research.Endothelial dysfunction initiates lesion development,and strategies that preserve or re-store endothelial function are crucial for disease attenuation.Vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to both fibrous cap formation and plaque stability,and their phenotypic switching is closely associated with plaque vul-nerability.In recent years,a variety of targeted intervention strategies have emerged based on these cells,in-cluding small-molecule drugs,RNA interference technologies,and nanoparticle-based delivery systems,all demonstrating significant research value and clinical potential.However,challenges such as low delivery effi-ciency,limited specificity,and translational barriers remain.Future research should emphasize the intercellular mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis,optimize delivery platforms,and explore multi-target combinatorial strategies to provide a more robust theoretical and technological foundation for the precise prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.