多元一体格局的地方性实践:海南哥隆人的文化接触与族性建构OACHSSCD

The Gelong people are a Li-Han hybrid community residing in the lower reaches of the Chan-ghua River on Hainan Island.Officially classified as Han Chinese in China's ethnic identification sys-tem,they speak Cunhua(commonly referred to as"Village Language"),a language belonging to the Li branch of the Tai-Kadai family.This disjunction between official identity and linguistic-cultural practice underscores the socially constructed nature of their ethnicity.The Gelong emerged historical-ly—from the Song and Yuan dynasties onward—as a product of Hainan Island's role as a"cultural con-tact zone",shaped by the triadic interplay of intermarriage between Han military colonists(juntun)and indigenous Li groups,sustained cultural fusion,and evolving state governance.Linguistically,Cun-hua exhibits a stratified structure:a Li substratum overlaid with a Chinese superstratum.Kinship ter-minology further reflects this hybridity—patrilineal terms are sinicized,while matrilineal terms retain Li forms—corroborating historical patterns of asymmetric intermarriage.Marriage rituals creatively synthesize Han numerological divination(ren suan,"human calculation")and Li phenological omens(tian yan,"heavenly verification"),establishing a dual-track legitimization mechanism.Socially,the Nü'erfang("Daughters'House",a cultural arena mediating between social freedom and ritual norms)e-volved from the Li longgui("communal youth dormitory")by incorporating Han ethical norms,there-by functioning as a cultural arena that mediates between indigenous social freedom and Confucian ritu-al discipline.Gelong ethnicity was thus forged through internal cultural integration and pragmatic i-dentity strategies—presenting as Han in interactions with state authorities while maintaining Li affili-ations in local contexts—culminating in their institutional classification as Han during modern ethnic identification.This case vividly illustrates the dynamic,processual nature of ethnic formation and pro-vides both theoretical insight and empirical grounding for understanding how the Chinese nation's"u-nity in diversity"is locally realized through cultural negotiation and institutional adaptation.