航空航天用气凝胶玻璃的性能研究与应用进展OA

Aerogel glass,as a novel nanoporous transparent thermal insulation material,demonstrates significant appli-cation potential in the aerospace field due to its characteristics of low density,ultra-low thermal conductivity,and high light transmittance.By employing sol-gel methods combined with supercritical drying or ambient pressure drying tech-niques,and optimizing the precursor selection,aging modification,and solvent exchange processes,aerogel glass materi-als integrating thermal insulation,transparency,and lightweight properties can be prepared.Research shows that mono-lithic aerogel glass maintains stable performance under extreme temperature differences(-200℃ to 1 200℃),effec-tively reducing thermal loss in spacecraft windows by over 20%while resisting micro-debris impacts.Particulate aero-gel glass,with its low-cost advantage,is applied in thermal insulation layers where high transparency is not required,with its thermal conductivity reduced by 51.43%compared to traditional hollow glass.Additionally,the multi-porous structure and high specific surface area of aerogel glass result in acoustic performance significantly superior to conven-tional materials,making it suitable for noise reduction in aerospace vehicles.Although challenges remain in large-scale production and further improvement of light transmittance,its successful applications in thermal protection for space probes and observation windows of space stations demonstrate substantial potential.