三疣梭子蟹雌蟹生长发育过程中形态特征变化规律研究OA

Portunus trituberculatus is a commercially vital marine species in China,the degradation of its germplasm resources caused by prolonged inbreeding,successive artificial propagation,and overfishing has severely hindered the sustainable development of its aquaculture industry.Addressing these challenges necessitates urgent genetic breeding programs to optimize growth performance and restore germplasm quality.In crustaceans,secondary sexual characteristics remain stable after sexual maturity,serving as a biological basis for determining developmental stages and formulating fisheries management policies.Nevertheless,the growth patterns of morphological characteristics and quantifiable evaluation systems for secondary sexual characteristics in female P.trituberculatus under pond culture conditions remain poorly characterized.Specifically,the lack of standardized metrics for key secondary sexual characteristics,such as the abdominal segment,has impeded the advancement of sex-specific aquaculture technologies and precision farming strategies.To bridge these gaps,this study systematically investigated the growth dynamics of body mass and 23 measurable morphological characteristics in pond-cultured female P.trituberculatus through continuous sampling and growth model fitting.The objectives are to elucidate developmental patterns of morphological characteristics,establish a quantifiable framework for secondary sexual characteristics,and provide scientific references for high-efficiency aquaculture optimization.Statistical analyses,including one-way ANOVA,principal component analysis(PCA),and cluster analysis,were employed to evaluate morphological differences across age groups.Allometric growth relationships were analyzed to identify secondary sexual characteristics,and a predictive equation for morphological maturity was developed to estimate the carapace width when 50％individuals reached morphological maturity(CW50),thereby enriching the theoretical foundation of female P.trituberculatus morphogenesis.The results showed that:1)The body mass growth model was consistent with the typical S-shaped growth curve,the limiting growth value of body mass was 219.24 g,and the rapid growth interval was 1.68-3.97 months.Morphometric characteristics associated with abdominal segment width(WFA,WSA,WTA,WFOA)entered a rapid growth phase immediately after seedling release,with growth inflection points occurring at 1-2 months of age and ceasing around early October;2)One-way ANOVA revealed significant increases in the lengths of the first abdominal segment(WFA),second abdominal segment(WSA),third abdominal segment(WTA),fourth abdominal segment(WFOA),and abdominal flap(NL)between September and October.PCA further demonstrated that WFOA,WTA,WFA,WSA,and NL exhibited high loading values on the first principal component,collectively explaining the majority of morphological variation across age groups;3)According to allometric growth during ontogeny,four secondary sex characteristics of females were identified as WFA,WSA,WTA,WFOA.The estimated carapace width on the morphological maturity of females was 100.51mm,and the maturity of females was concentrated in September.In conclusion,this study demonstrates that WFA,WSA,WTA,and WFOA undergo marked allometric growth during the reproductive molting period(September-October),serving as quantifiable secondary sexual characteristics in female P.trituberculatus.The establishment of a predictive model for CW50 provides a scientific basis for optimizing sex-specific aquaculture strategies and refining pond management protocols.Furthermore,the identification of standardized morphological maturity indicators advances the development of intelligent sorting technologies and enhances precision in breeding programs.These findings not only contribute to the theoretical framework of crustacean phenotypic plasticity but also offer practical insights for improving aquaculture efficiency,germplasm conservation,and policy-making in fisheries management.