县域产业结构变迁何以带动农民"提低扩中"?OACHSSCD

Increasing the income of low-income groups and expanding the middle-income popula-tion to form an"olive-shaped"income distribution structure is an inevitable requirement for achieving common prosperity.Based on balanced panel data from 1706 counties across China,this study employs a two-way fixed effects model to examine the impact of industrial structure transformation at the county level on"raising the low and expanding the middle"among farmers.The study finds that the transforma-tion of industrial structure in China's counties generally exhibits a positive developmental trend,mainly reflected in the rationalization and upgrading of the industrial structure.Rationalization within county-level industrial structure transformation promotes the rational allocation of resources and enhances the alignment between farmers and non-agricultural employment opportunities,thereby facilitating the goals of"raising the low and expanding the middle".In contrast,industrial structure upgrading demonstrates both driving effects and crowding-out effects.Moreover,heterogeneity analysis shows that the income-enhancing effect of industrial structure transformation is more pronounced in"growth-pole"counties com-pared to"stable-tier"counties,and the influence of rationalization and upgrading varies across different geographical locations.From a long-term perspective,industrial structure transformation at the county level can improve the income quality of low-income farmers,accelerate their entry into the middle-income group,effectively narrow the urban-rural income gap,and expedite the realization of an"olive-shaped"society.Based on these findings,policy implications include developing characteristic industries to enrich the people and enhancing the inclusiveness of non-agricultural employment.