冬季东海北部外海游泳动物群落组成和结构的长周期变化OA
Long-term variations in the composition and structure of nekton in the northern offshore East China Sea in winter
为了解东海北部外海游泳动物群落组成和结构的长周期变化,根据1991年、2005年和2016年冬季在该海域越冬场调查的数据,分别运用相对重要性指数、多样性指数和相异性指数研究了各年代游泳动物种类组成、生物量、优势种、多样性和长度谱的变化特征.结果表明:东海北部外海越冬场游泳动物种类数和丰富度指数(D)随年代推移均呈现持续升高趋势;各年代群落优势种变化范围介于5～7种之间,小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)在3个年份均处于绝对优势地位,龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)在2005年和2016年处于优势地位,其余优势种在各年代间发生了较大的更替.1991年和2005年、1991年和2016年之间的游泳动物群落平均相异性较高,均超过了60％,而2005年和2016年的游泳动物群落平均相异性较低,为41.19％.引起1991年与2005年、1991年与2016年、2005年和2016年游泳动物群落差异的主要种类数分别为8种、10种、5种.游泳动物长度谱表现出持续减小的趋势.长度 20 cm以下的小个体随着时间的推移呈现持续增加的趋势,特别是体长小于10 cm的个体增加趋势更明显.研究结果可为东海渔业的可持续发展提供管理依据.
Based on the survey data of the northern offshore waters of the East China Sea in 1991,2005 and 2016,the decadal changes of nekton community were studied by relative importance index,diversity index and dissimilarity index,and the succession of the community structure was analyzed using size spectrum.The aim is to find out the reasons for the replacement of dominant species and causes of decadal community differences in overwintering grounds.The results showed that the number of species and richness index of nekton in the overwintering grounds of the northern offshore East China Sea increased during the past years.The weight CPUE(catch per unit effort)showed a trend of first dropping sharply and then rising slightly,while the individual CPUE increased continuously.The dominant species varied from 5 to 7 in each decade,with Larimichthys polyactis and Trichiurus lepturus being the absolute dominant species in the three sampling periods,while Harpadon nehereus was the dominant species in 2005 and 2016,and other dominant species changed greatly in each decade.The average dissimilarities between the nekton communities in 1991 and 2005 and between those in 1991 and 2016 were high,both exceeding 60％,while the average dissimilarity between the communities in 2005 and 2016 was low,41.19％.The main species causing the differences in the nekton communities between 1991 and 2005,between 1991 and 2016,and between 2005 and 2016 were 8,10,and 5,respectively.There were 8 species,10 species and 5 species that caused the difference between 1991 and 2005,1991 and 2016,2005 and 2016,respectively.The size spectrum of nekton decreased continuously,with the maximum value decreasing from 85 cm in 1991 to 40 cm in 2005,and then 35 cm in 2016.The average body length also showed a continuous decreasing trend,from 25.45 cm in 1991 to 15.29 cm in 2005,and then to 13.49 cm in 2016.The rate of decline was faster in the early period and slowed down in the later period.The body length and the number of individuals in each year showed a linear regression,with a negative correlation between the natural logarithm of the catch number and body length.With the passage of time,the absolute value of the slope and the intercept of the trend line both increased continuously.Small individuals with body length less than 20 cm showed a continuous increase over time,especially those with body length less than 10 cm showed a more obvious increasing trend,and large individuals in the community gradually decreased or disappeared,the dominance of smaller individuals was more obvious in the community.The results can provide a basis for the sustainable development of fisheries in the East China Sea.
李建生;姜亚洲;袁兴伟
中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海 200090中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海 200090中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海 200090
农业科技
冬季游泳动物群落结构多样性年代际变化
winternektoncommunity structurediversitydecadal changes
《海洋渔业》 2026 (1)
1-10,10
国家重点研发计划专项(2024YFD2400404)
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