口腔微生物组在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展OA

The homeostasis of the oral microbiome is essential for maintaining host health,and its disruption can contribute to the development of both oral and systemic diseases.The oral microbiome influences the initiation and pro-gression of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)through multiple mechanisms.① Oral microbes can directly act on epithelial cells,inducing cell-cycle dysregulation,DNA damage,and epigenetic reprogramming,thereby promoting cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).For example,Fusobacterium nucleatum binds to E-cadherin via its adhesin FadA,activating the β-catenin pathway and directly driving tumor-cell proliferation and EMT,while Porphyromonas gingivalis reprograms lipid synthesis to enhance the stemness of OSCC cells.② Oral microbes and their metabolites reshape the tumor immune-suppressive microenvironment by altering the density,composition,and function of infiltrating immune cells.Periodontal pathogens induce a chronic inflammatory state in the oral cavity and activate signaling cascades such as MAPK/ERK and NF-κB,thereby indirectly accelerating OSCC progression.③Bacteria and viruses in the oral cavity exhibit synergistic interactions.Bacterial biofilms and proteases facilitate viral ac-tivation and infection,and microbial metabolites such as butyrate can enhance histone acetylation to promote the lytic reactivation of latent viruses.④ At the ecological level,the depletion of commensals and expansion of anaerobic patho-gens disrupt the metabolic network of the community,and complex interspecies interactions collectively shape a pro-carcinogenic niche that drives OSCC progression on multiple fronts.Future studies should integrate multi-omics analy-ses with longitudinal clinical cohorts to explore functional causal networks of key microbial communities and develop in-dividualized targeted intervention strategies for microecology.