河西绿洲灌区间作绿肥替代部分氮肥对玉米生产经济可行性的研究OA
Study on the Economic Feasibility of Green Manure Intercropping to Partially Replace Nitrogen Fertilizer in Maize Production in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Areas
探究绿肥替代部分氮肥的经济可行性,为提升区域玉米种植体系和推动农业可持续发展奠定科学基础.针对河西绿洲灌区玉米生产过度依赖氮肥和水资源短缺的突出问题,开展了田间试验,探讨玉米‖箭筈豌豆、玉米‖油菜和单作玉米 3种种植模式以及减量 25%施氮(270 kg/hm2)与常规施氮(360 kg/hm2)2个施氮水平下,间作绿肥替代部分氮肥对玉米产量、经济效益和单方水效益的影响.结果表明,间作绿肥可有效缓解减氮导致的减产风险,从而保障玉米稳产,并显著提高种植系统的经济效益.其中,玉米‖油菜常规施氮处理的纯收益最高,较常规施氮下单作玉米提高 11.1%;其次是玉米‖油菜减量 25%施氮处理,较常规施氮下单作玉米提高7.1%.绿肥间作处理的单方水效益均优于单作玉米,其中以玉米‖箭筈豌豆减量 25%施氮处理表现最优,较常规施氮下单作玉米提高 29.3%;其次是玉米‖油菜减量 25%施氮处理,较常规施氮下单作玉米提高 24.8%.因此,玉米与绿肥间作减施 25%氮肥不仅可实现玉米稳产,还能提升系统的水分的经济转化效率,可作为河西绿洲灌区提升玉米生产效益、降低成本的重要技术途径.
This study investigated the economic feasibility of using green manure to partially replace nitrogen fertilizer,providing a scientific basis for improving regional maize production systems and promoting sustainable agricultural development.To deal with the prominent issues of excessive dependence on nitrogen fertilizer and water resource scarcity in maize production in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Areas,a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of intercropping green manure as a partial replacement for nitrogen fertilizer on maize yield,economic benefits,and unit water efficiency under 3 planting modes of maize‖common vetch,maize‖rapeseed,and maize monoculture,as well as 2 nitrogen application levels of 25%nitrogen reduction(270 kg/ha)and conventional nitrogen application(360 kg/ha).Results showed that green manure intercropping effectively mitigated the risk of yield reduction caused by nitrogen reduction,thereby ensuring stable maize yield and significantly improving the economic benefit of the cropping system.Among the treatments,maize‖rapeseed with conventional nitrogen application achieved the highest net income,increasing by 11.1%compared with maize monoculture under conventional nitrogen application,followed by maize‖rapeseed with a 25%nitrogen reduction,which increased net income by 7.1%compared with maize monoculture under conventional nitrogen application.The unit water efficiencies of all green manure intercropping treatments were superior to that of maize monoculture.The maize‖common vetch system with a 25%nitrogen reduction performed the best,improving unit water efficiency by 29.3%,followed by maize‖rapeseed with a 25%nitrogen reduction,which increased it by 24.8%,compared with those of maize monoculture under conventional nitrogen application.Therefore,reducing nitrogen fertilizer application by 25%through maize-green manure intercropping can not only maintain stable maize yield but also enhance the economic conversion efficiency of water,representing an important technical approach for improving maize production efficiency and reducing costs in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Areas.
张敏;殷文;胡发龙;陈桂平
甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
农业科技
玉米‖绿肥减量施氮产量经济效益产投比单方水效益
Maize‖green manure intercroppingReduced nitrogen applicationYieldEconomic benefitOutput-input ratioUnit water efficiency
《寒旱农业科学》 2026 (1)
38-43,6
甘肃省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202510733045).
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