甘肃省小麦病害研究60年回顾与展望OA

Wheat is the most important grain crop and the staple food in Gansu Province,with the sown area remaining at approximately 737 300 ha in recent years.The wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)and Blumeria graminis(DC)Speer f.sp.tritici(Bgt),are not only the most prevalent diseases in wheat production in Gansu Province but also the most critical biological factors threatening the safe production of wheat in China.Generations of scientists from the Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,have long been based in Longnan,Gansu,serving the entire province while maintaining close cooperation with the Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Northwest A&F University,China Agricultural University,the Gansu Plant Protection and Quarantine Stations,the Wheat Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and the Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Sciences.Through sustained,well-organized scientific research,they have systematically conducted wheat disease studies focusing on stripe rust and powdery mildew.A series important conclusions were obtained,including"Gansu Longnan is the region where wheat stripe rust is frequently observed and prone to variability,serving as a source for new physiological races of the stripe rust pathogen,""Gansu Longnan is the largest and most important over-summering area for wheat stripe rust pathogen in China"and"Gansu Longnan is a heart land and hot spot for the spread of wheat stripe rustdisease,and a critical area for its management."A series of phased research achievements derived from these conclusions have been widely applied,making significant contributions to ensuring wheat production safety in Gansu Province and across the country.We systematically review the 60-year progress of wheat disease research in Gansu Province from perspectives such as the role of stripe rust in the epidemic system of wheat diseases in China,annual dynamic monitoring and control of stripe rust and powdery mildew pathogens with their isolates Pst and Bgt populations,identification,screening,and application of disease-resistant varieties(lines),screening of new pesticides and development of highly efficient coupling technologies,as well as integrated research and demonstration of comprehensive control technologies such as timely late sowing and seed coating,etc.In combination with recent changes in climatic conditions and adjustments in cropping structure in Gansu Province that have led to shifts in wheat production layout and major diseases,current plant protection issues and practical challenges in wheat production are analyzed.Furthermore,key future research directions for wheat diseases in Gansu Province are clarified.In terms of research objectives,stripe rust will remain the core focus,with strengthened research on powdery mildew as well as wheat scab,crown rot,smut,and wheat yellow dwarf disease.In terms of research approaches,emphasis will be placed on digital-and intelligence-based precise and early disease monitoring,as well as resistance identification and surveillance of wheat varieties,the development,screening,and application of green products represented by disease-resistant varieties and bio-based pesticides,enhancement of research and application of highly efficient pesticide application technologies and coupled products,and improvement of the integration and large-scale application level of full-cycle green prevention and control technologies.These efforts aim to comprehensively enhance the domestic influence and standing of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in wheat disease research represented by stripe rust,provide strong scientific and technological support for large-scale wheat yield improvement actions in Gansu Province,and contribute to safeguarding national food security and promoting regional agricultural sustainable development.