功能性近红外光谱技术在老年认知-平衡双任务中的应用OA

The risk of falls in older adults correlates with diminished multitasking abilities.The cognitive-balance dual-task par-adigm enables fall risk assessment through dual-task interference,the mechanism of which is linked to competition for attentional resources or neural pathways.Cognitive-balance dual-task training improves related functional abilities in older adults,making the elucidation of its brain activation mechanisms crucial for fall prevention interventions.Clinically,functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),electroencephalography(EEG),and functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)are commonly used to explore related neural mechanisms.Among these,fNIRS is particularly suitable for dual-task monitoring due to its advantages of portability and superior anti-artifact performance.This review summarizes key design considerations and application methods for fNIRS in cog-nitive-balance dual-task studies among older adults,offering recommendations for fall risk assessment and prevention.Standardized experimental paradigms,research designs,and regions of interest selection for fNIRS in cognitive-balance dual-tasks among older adults are progressively emerging.fNIRS analysis reveals distinct central mechanisms across elderly individuals with varying health status:cognitively healthy subjects exhibit compensatory bilateral prefrontal activation,while those with cognitive impairment(including those with subjective cognitive decline,mild cognitive impairment,and Alzheimer's disease)show diminishing activation levels corresponding to cognitive decline.Patients with Alzheimer's disease present widespread cortical activation deficits,and indi-viduals with balance impairment exhibit distinct activation patterns in specific brain regions.fNIRS also supports dual-task training by reflecting cortical activation changes before and after training.Its neurofeedback technology holds potential applications but remains controversial.Current research faces challenges such as inconsistent experimental designs sample features,task types.Future efforts should be made to establish standardized protocols and explore combined multi-technique applications to provide theoretical support for fall risk assessment and prevention in older adults.