青蒿素提取分离方法及工艺OA

Malaria is one of the three major infectious diseases that seriously affect human health.According to the World Malaria Report,about 249 million people caught malaria in 2022,among which 608000 persons died.Artemisinin is an effective natural medicine for the treatment of malaria,with the characteristics of quick action and low toxicity.Besides the antimalarial property,this drug also has the pharmacologic efficacy in antitumor,anti-inflammatory,treating lupus erythematosus,and so on.Artemisinin can be obtained by synthesis,however,the corresponding routes are complex(e.g.,containing 8～12 steps)with low yield of the target product.Currently,Artemisia annua L.is the main source for the production of artemisinin in industry.In order to obtain artemisinin,Artemisia annua L.needs to be extracted with solvents(like petroleum ether,hexane,ethyl acetate),and at the same time impurities including fatty acids with long alkyls,wax oil,structural analogues(e.g.,artemisitene)will be co-extracted into the liquid along with artemisinin,making subsequent purification and separation more difficult.In order to obtain the target compound with high purity,artemisinin should be separated from the complex impurities.Under the background of sustainable development,green solvents/media and process for artemisinin extraction or purification have been developed.In this paper,the progress of artemisinin extraction and purification in recent years was reviewed,including innovation of the media(such as supercritical CO2,ionic liquid,environmental benign monoether,etc.)and the outfield strengthening technology(process intensified by microwave,ultrasonics)in the extraction of artemisinin,the development of novel efficient separation media(e.g.,molecularly imprinted materials,poly(ionic liquid),etc.)and the coupled processes(column chromatography-crystallization coupling,extraction-crystallization coupling)for the purification.The advantages and disadvantages of each process were analyzed from the aspects of possibility in large-scale application and economy.At the same time,it is pointed out that the development of extraction-formulation integrated technology by directly treating Artemisia annua L.with solutizer/water solution can simplify the process for production of artemisinin based drugs,with reduced cost and energy consumption.The integrated technology has important practical significance for the popularization of artemisinin in African countries where malaria is endemic.Finally,the challenges in the greenization of artemisinin production were given,including development of novel solvents with high selectivity(and thus less impurities)for extraction of artemisinin from the leaves,efficiency of functional materials(e.g.,poly(ionic liquid),molecularly imprinted materials,etc.)in separating real artemisinin extract solution,stability of the aqueous artemisinin/cyclodextrin derivative or artemisinin/salicylate solution as well as the side effects on the human body.Moreover,relevant countermeasures were put forward.AI technology can be used to screen suitable solvents for extraction and purification of artemisinin,improving the screening efficiency,saving time,and providing a new route for the rapid development of media for artemisinin production.In this paper,the development of technology for artemisinin production in recent years is reviewed to provide reference for artemisinin researchers,with another aim to promote the green upgrading and healthy development of artemisinin as well as the traditional Chinese medicine industry.