近红外二区激发的有机荧光染料:分子设计、性质与应用OA

The quality of biological fluorescence imaging is determined not only by the emissive brightness of the or-ganic dyes but also by the excitation wavelength.The longer the excited wavelength,the weaker the light-tissue interac-tion,which can reduce photon scattering and effectively lower tissue absorption and autofluorescence.This helps im-prove signal-to-background ratio,spatial and temporal resolution,and penetration depth.Therefore,fluorescence imag-ing excited by the second near-infrared window(NIR-Ⅱ)enables deeper and more precise biological imaging and de-tection,offering greater potential for clinical diagnosis and therapy of diseases.This review first explains the principles and advantages of NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging,then reviews the molecular design strategy and research progress of several important classes of NIR-Ⅱ-excited fluorescent dyes and their applications in medical diagnostics of NIR-Ⅱ flu-orescent probes and the challenges in clinical translation,with an outlook on future development directions.