人工智能将全面取代人类吗?Ⅰ.基于人工智能与人类智能工作条件和优势的任务特征-分类模型OA
Will Artificial Intelligence(AI)Completely Replace Humans?Ⅰ.A Task Characteristics-Classification Model Based on the Functional Requirements and Advantages of AI and Human Intelligence
深入探讨人工智能(AI)与人类智能(HI)在任务输入、处理、输出以及制约因素等方面的工作条件和优势,识别出 11 个AI-HI 任务特征.在此基础上形成 4 个 AI-HI 指数——AI 可用指数、AI 优越指数、HI 优越指数和 HI 安全指数,并据此提出 4 种任务类型:AI 不可用型、AI 优越型、AI-HI 协作型和 HI 优越型.通过上述工作,构建一个新的 AI-HI 任务特征-分类模型.最后,以会计工作为例,应用此 AI-HI 任务特征-分类模型,逐一分析 19 个会计核心任务的 AI-HI 特征、AI-HI 指数及其所属类型.研究结果为 AI 与 HI 的分工与替代问题提供科学分析,为二者从对立走向协作共生提供理论依据.
This paper examines the working conditions and advantages of artificial intelligence(AI)and human intelligence(HI)concerning task input,processing,output,and constraints,leading to the identification of eleven AI-HI task characteristics.Based on these characteristics,we develop four AI-HI indices:AI Usability Index,AI Superiority Index,HI Superiority Index,and HI Safety Index.These indices inform a proposed typology of four task types:AI Non-Usable,AI Superior,AI-HI Collaborative,and HI Superior.This framework underpins a novel AI-HI task characteristic-classification model.Finally,taking accounting tasks as a case,the model is applied to analyze nineteen core accounting tasks,and assess their AI-HI characteristics,indices,and resultant classifications.The result can provide a rigorous analysis of the division of labor and substitution between AI and HI,offering a theoretical foundation for a transition from adversarial to symbiotic collaboration.
张燕;王海珍
北京大学心理与认知科学学院,行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室,北京 100871西安外国语大学商学院,西安 710023
人工智能人类智能任务特征任务分类
artificial intelligencehuman intelligencetask characteristicstask classification
《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》 2026 (1)
1-20,20
国家自然科学基金(72472003)和教育部人文社会科学基金(22YJC630130)资助
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