黄河流域丘陵旱地短季棉—油菜两熟轻简高效栽培技术体系研究OA

In order to provide technical support and practical examples for full exploration of the potential of cotton planted in arid and barren areas of the Yellow River basin and optimization of regional planting structure,aiming at the production constraints in hill drylands of the Yellow River basin,such as water shortage,soil impoverishment,shallow plough layer,and low economic benefits of the traditional single cropping system,in this study,field experiments and demonstration trials of a traditional single cropping of spring cotton planting and a double cropping system with short-season cotton and rapeseed were conducted in Dongping county,Shandong province from 2023 to 2024,using a full-season cotton variety K836,a short-season cotton variety Lumian 532,and a rapeseed variety Qinyou 2 as trial materials.A systematic comparison and analysis were carried out to clarify the differences and advantages between the cotton-rapeseed double cropping system and the traditional full-season cotton monocropping system in terms of yield performance and comprehensive benefits.The results indicated that the seedcotton yield of short-season cotton under the double cropping system decreased by 10.8％compared with full-season cotton,attributing to the shortened growth period and other contributing factors.But the additional harvest of one rapeseed crop boosted the comprehensive net profit by 60.0％,effectively compensating for the slight yield reduction of short-season cotton and significantly improving the output efficiency of dry and barren lands.The results from large-scale demonstrations indicated that the fertilizer and pesticide application under the simplified and efficient cultivation system for short-season cotton and rapeseed double cropping was reduced by 10％-15％,and the net profit was increased by 9,000 yuan per hectare.Based on these findings,a simplified and efficient cultivation technology system for cotton and rapeseed double cropping was integrated and established,with core techniques including"optimal variety selection,precise seeding without thinning,simplified fertilization,no-pruning with close planting and chemical regulation,and defoliation-ripening for centralized harvesting".