"十五五"时期建设现代化产业体系的主攻方向与制度创新OACHSSCD

Marxist political economy profoundly reveals that the industrial system is a concentrated reflection of the development level of productive forces.Its evolution always follows the basic law of the dialectical unity of pro-ductive forces and relations of production.Building a modern industrial system is essentially an organic unity of ad-vanced productive forces and adapted relations of production.Its construction is not only an inevitable trend in re-sponding to global competition,supporting high-quality development,facilitating the"dual circulation"strategy,and ensuring security,but also a pressing practical need to address current industrial shortcomings and bottlenecks. Currently,China is at a crucial stage in its transition from a large industrial country to a strong industrial coun-try.A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating;global industrial and sup-ply chains are undergoing profound restructuring;and the international competitive environment is becoming in-creasingly complex and severe.Additionally,China faces prominent problems such as being"strangled"by core technologies,lagging in upgrading traditional industries,and insufficient industrial integration.Building this system during the 15th Five-Year Plan period is not only an inevitable choice to address the restructuring of the global com-petitive landscape and coordinate development and security but also a strategic measure to solidify the foundation of modernization. This paper,from the perspective of Marxist political economy and combined with the spirit of the Fourth Plena-ry Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and the deployment of the 15th Five-Year Plan,systematically ex-plains the inevitability of building a modern industrial system.It clarifies the core development direction of"intelli-gentization,greening,and integration"and the synergistic pattern of"upgrading traditional industries,expanding emerging industries,and laying out future industries".It explores institutional innovation paths in four major areas:market-oriented allocation of factors of production,cultivation of an innovation ecosystem,stimulation of market en-tities,and open cooperation mechanisms.It clarifies the important relationships between government guidance and market dominance,between independent control and open cooperation,between traditional industries and emerging industries,and between short-term breakthroughs and long-term planning.This provides theoretical support and practical guidance for building a modern industrial system with integrity,advancement,and security during the 15th Five-Year Plan period,helping China move from a large industrial country to a strong industrial country and consolidating the industrial foundation of socialist modernization.