黄河流域水安全困境、破局及展望OA

Water scarcity is the core bottleneck restricting socio-economic high-quality development and ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin.To address the water resource challenges in the basin and support decision-making for ecological protection and high-quality de-velopment,this study systematically analyzes the multi-dimensional contradictions among water,food,energy,and ecology within the basin,revealing that the current water supply and demand are in a state of"tight balance",and the gap is expected to continue widening in the fu-ture.However,existing measures-such as water conservation,engineering storage and regulation,and regional water transfer-are constrained by the total available water resources and limited coverage,making it difficult to fundamentally alleviate the structural water shortage.There-fore,guided by the water governance principle of"prioritizing water conservation,balancing spatial distribution,adopting systematic approa-ches and leveraging the roles of both government and market",water safety guarantee a four-pronged integrated approach of"water saving,water diversion,water allocation and water management"is proposed:a)Deepening water conservation across all sectors to promote a trans-formative shift from"efficiency enhancement"to"an efficiency-to-effectiveness revolution".b)Advancing major strategic projects,particu-larly accelerating the assessment and construction of the western route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.c)Incorporating water resources carrying capacity as a binding constraint into territorial spatial planning,industrial layout and urban development frameworks to achieve broader spatial equilibrium.d)Leveraging the synergistic roles of government and market in water governance to optimize water allo-cation and ensure sustainable utilization.