苏南地区晚播小麦栽培技术集成与示范应用OA

Combined with the planting practice of late-sown wheat in Southern Jiangsu Province,the causes of late sowing and its impacts on wheat growth and development were analyzed,and a targeted cultivation technical system was integrated for demonstration application.The main causes of wheat late sowing in the study area were the stubble conflict in rice-wheat rotation(the long growth period of high quality rice varieties)and climate change(precipitation gradually decreases in autumn and winter).The delayed sowing date led to a significant decline in the growth process and population quality of wheat,and ultimately caused wheat yield reduction.Based on this,this paper constructs a comprehensive cultivation technology system of"late-sowing tolerant variety+agronomic strong compensation+prevention and control of forward shift".Specifically,the technical measures included the following aspects:selecting spring wheat varieties(e.g.,Yangmai 25、Yangmai 33 and Zhenmai 10);dynamically adjusting the seeding rate(increasing by 4.0-7.5 kg/hm2 for each day of delayed sowing);applying sufficient base fertilizer(containing 60%-70%of the total nitrogen fertilizer,all phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer);early applying green-up fertilizer(in early February,with a nitrogen application rate of 30-50 kg/hm2);lightly applying jointing fertilizer and booting fertilizer(in late February or early March,using 0.3%potassium dihydrogen phosphate);timely spraying plant growth regulators such as paclobutrazol to prevent lodging;applying herbicides including 70%flucetosulfuron and 50%isoproturon to control weeds;applying 40%prothioconazole·tebuconazole suspension concentrate,25%thiamethoxam·lambda-cyhalothrin microemulsion and amino acid foliar fertilizer to prevent and control diseases and insect pests like wheat scab and aphids;harvesting at the late dough stage to early maturity stage,and timely drying and storing after harvesting.The demonstration results in Lishui District Hefeng Town of Nanjing in 2024 showed that actual yield of wheat in the experimental plots(adopting late-sowing cultivation techniques)reached about 5 600 kg/hm2,in the control plots(using conventional techniques)was 5 100 kg/hm2.Practice showed that the late-sown wheat cultivation technology integrated in this paper could provide a reference for the efficient and green production of late-sown wheat.